Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruzъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grauˀźas. Cognate with Lithuanian gráužas (“gravel, coarse sand”) (dialectally graũžas), Latvian gruži pl (“crushed stone”).

Noun

*gruzъ m

1. crushed stone

Declension

Declension of *gruzъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gruzъ	*gruza	*gruzi
genitive	*gruza	*gruzu	*gruzъ
dative	*gruzu	*gruzoma	*gruzomъ
accusative	*gruzъ	*gruza	*gruzy
instrumental	*gruzъmь, *gruzomь*	*gruzoma	*gruzy
locative	*gruzě	*gruzu	*gruzěxъ
vocative	*gruze	*gruza	*gruzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *gruza (“lump”)
• *gruzъlъ, *gruzъla (“lump of earth”)

Related terms

• *gruda (“heap, lump”)
• *gruzdь / *gruzdъ (“milk-cap mushroom”)
• *gryzti (“to gnaw”)

Descendants

• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: gruz, gruzgòt (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)
  • Old Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)
    • Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken stone”), pl. gruzy (“ruins”), dial. grus
      • → Kashubian: gruzë, gruzgòtë (“ruins (calque)”)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gruzъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 158
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “груза”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 286
• “graužas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė, 2007–2012