Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grupa
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. For semantic reasons, often compared[1] to Proto-Slavic *grubъ (“rough, tough”) and Proto-Slavic *gruda (“lump”), Proto-Slavic *gruzdь (“fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom”), Proto-Slavic *gruša (“ground grain, gravel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrēw- (“to clump together ground material”). Under this etymology, akin (via other extensions) to Proto-Germanic *grunduz (“ground”), Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”), and Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (khrôma, “skin, complexion”).
In most daughter languages, a homonymous lemma with similar meaning was introduced from Italian gruppo (“group, cluster”) (via German) which has surpassed the native Slavic term.
Noun
[edit]*grupa f
Declension
[edit]Declension of *grupa (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *grupa | *grupě | *grupy |
| genitive | *grupy | *grupu | *grupъ |
| dative | *grupě | *grupama | *grupamъ |
| accusative | *grupǫ | *grupě | *grupy |
| instrumental | *grupojǫ, *grupǫ** | *grupama | *grupami |
| locative | *grupě | *grupu | *grupasъ, *grupaxъ* |
| vocative | *grupo | *grupě | *grupy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
[edit]- *gruda (“clump”) (perhaps)
- *gruta (“pile (of flax)”) (perhaps)
- *grubъ (“rough, tough”) (perhaps)
- *gruša (“ground grain, gravel”) (perhaps)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “группа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гру̀па”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 287
References
[edit]- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grupa?”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 155