Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grivьna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *grìva +‎ *-ьna.

Noun

*grivьna f

1. necklace
2. monetary unit

Inflection

Declension of *grivьna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grivьna	*grivьně	*grivьny
genitive	*grivьny	*grivьnu	*grivьnъ
dative	*grivьně	*grivьnama	*grivьnamъ
accusative	*grivьnǫ	*grivьně	*grivьny
instrumental	*grivьnojǫ, *grivьnǭ**	*grivьnama	*grivьnamī
locative	*grivьně	*grivьnu	*grivьnasъ, *grivьnaxъ*
vocative	*grivьno	*grivьně	*grivьny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гривьна (grivĭna)
    • Old Ruthenian: гри́вна (hrívna), гры́вна (hrývna), гри́внꙗ (hrívnja)
      • Belarusian: гры́ўня (hrýŭnja)
      • Ukrainian: гри́вня (hrývnja, “unit of currency and weight”), гри́вна (hrývna, “a torque”)
    • Russian: гри́вна (grívna)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: гри́вна (grívna)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гри̑вна

    Latin script: grȋvna

  • Slovene: grȋvna
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hřivna
    • Czech: hřivna
  • Polabian: grėiwně
  • Old Polish: grzywna, krzywna
    • Polish: grzywna
  • Slovak: hrivna
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: hriwna

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гри́вна”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress