Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gręsti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grid-, *grind-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰri-n-dʰ-, from the root *gʰreydʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grìdyti (“to go, to wander”) (1sg. grìdyju), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳 (grid, “step”, acc. sg.), Middle High German grit (“step”), Old Irish in·greinn, do·greinn (“to persecute”).
Per Vasmer, cognate as above, and also with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬌 (aiuuigər^əδmahi, “we begin”), Sanskrit गृध्यति (gṛdhyati, “to be fast approaching something (?)”), Latin gradior (“to step”) (infinitive gradī). These words are normally reconstructed as coming from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ-.

Verb

*gręstì impf^[1]^[2]

to go

Inflection

Conjugation of *gręsti, *gręde, *grędetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*grędenьje	*gręsti	*gręstъ	*grędlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*grędenъ	*grędomъ
Active	*grędъ	*grędy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręd(ox)ъ	*gręde	*gręde	*grędǫ	*grędeši	*grędetь
Dual	*gręd(ox)ově	*gręd(e/os)ta	*gręd(e/os)te	*grędevě	*grędeta	*grędete
Plural	*gręd(ox)omъ	*gręd(e/os)te	grędǫ, grędošę	*grędemъ	*grędete	*grędǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręděaxъ	*gręděaše	*gręděaše	—	*grędi	*grędi
Dual	*gręděaxově	*gręděašeta	*gręděašete	*gręděvě	*gręděta	—
Plural	*gręděaxomъ	*gręděašete	*gręděaxǫ	*gręděmъ	*gręděte	—

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грѧсти (gręsti) (11th century); грѣсти (grěsti) (11th century)
  - Russian: грясти́ (grjastí) (infinitive is dated)
  - Ukrainian: грясти́ (hrjastý)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: грѧсти (gręsti)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: грядѫ́ (grjadǫ́) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)
- Macedonian: греде (grede) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: грѐсти, гре́сти
  
  Latin: grèsti, grésti
- Slovene: īti (tonal orthography) (suppletive present tense)

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gręstì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188: “v. (c) ‘go’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gręsti: grędǫ grędetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gå, skride (PR 139)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gręstì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188: “v. (c) ‘go’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “gręsti: grędǫ grędetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gå, skride (PR 139)”

[1]

[2]