Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gořestь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *gorьkъ (“bitter”) +‎ *-ostь.

Noun

*gořestь f

1. bitterness
2. (by abstraction) sorrow, grief

Declension

Declension of *gořestь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gořestь	*gořesti	*gořesti
genitive	*gořesti	*gořestьju, *gořesťu*	*gořestьjь, *gořesti*
dative	*gořesti	*gořestьma	*gořestьmъ
accusative	*gořestь	*gořesti	*gořesti
instrumental	*gořestьjǫ, *gořesťǫ*	*gořestьma	*gořestьmi
locative	*gořesti	*gořestьju, *gořesťu*	*gořestьxъ
vocative	*gořesti	*gořesti	*gořesti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: го́ресть (górestĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: го́ресть (hórestʹ)
      • Belarusian: го́рaсць (hórascʹ)
      • Ukrainian: го́рiсть (hóristʹ)
    • Russian: го́ресть (górestʹ); го́ресь (góresʹ), го́рость (górostʹ) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: гор҄есть (gorʹestĭ), горѥсть (gorjestĭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱃⰵⱄⱅⱐ (gorestĭ)

    • Church Slavonic: горесть (gorestĭ) (Russian recension)
  • Bulgarian: го́рест (górest)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: го̏ре̄ст (obsolete)

    Latin script: gȍrēst (obsolete)

  • Slovene: gorȇst (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: horesť
  • Polish: gorzyść (dialectal)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gořestь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 41