Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gaťę

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most conveniently explained from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to go, to walk around”) which was displaced by Proto-Slavic *jьti but is retained in dialectal Lithuanian góti apart from some old derivations. Stankiewicz, before this was understood, proposed *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab”) found as Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to grab”) meaning in Lithuanian góbti also “to wrap, to cover”, however from the first root there is *gatь (“a causeway through swamps”), and suffixed +‎ *-ja one had therefore (one leg of a pair or trinity of) rain trousers for walking through swamps, which is particularly likely since one knows that the Slavs before their expansion dwelt in the Polish swamps.

Noun

*gaťę f pl

1. underwear

Inflection

Declension of *gaťę̇ (soft a-stem, plural only)

	plural
nominative	*gaťę̇
genitive	*gaťь
dative	*gaťamъ
accusative	*gaťę̇
instrumental	*gaťami
locative	*gaťasъ, *gaťaxъ*
vocative	*gaťę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *gaťьnikъ (“girdle, braces”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *гачѣ (*gačě) if plural and *гачи (*gači) if dual
    • Russian: га́чи (gáči), га́ти (gáti)
    • Ukrainian: га́чі (háči)
    • → Finnish: kaatiot
    • → Ingrian: kaatiat
• South Slavic:
  • Russian Church Slavonic: гащѧ (gaštę)
    • → Russian: га́щи (gášči)
  • Bulgarian: га́щи (gášti), гащя́ (gaštjá)
  • Macedonian: гаќи (gaḱi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: га̏ће

    Latin: gȁće, gȁća f sg

    • → Hungarian: gatya
      • → Austrian German: Gate

  • Slovene: gȃče, gȃte
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hácě, hacě
    • Czech: hace
  • Old Polish: gace
    • Polish: gacie
      • • → Czech: gatě, gaťe, katě
          • ⇒ gaťky
        • → Slovak: gate, gaťe,
          • ⇒ gatky
            • → Yiddish: גאַטקעס (gatkes)
      • → Ukrainian: ґа́чі (gáči), ґа́ці (gáci)
        • → English: gotchies, gotch (see it for further variants)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: haca
    • Lower Sorbian: gaca

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gaťi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 106
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гащи”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 233
• Nieminen, Eino (1957) “Die urslavische Benennung der Bekleidung der Beine *gatję bzw. *gatjě”, in Scando-Slavica (in German), volume 3, →DOI, pages 224–235
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “gače”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ga̋t'i in *ga̋ty”
• Stankiewicz, Edward (1955) “[Review of Sławski’s Etymological Dictionary of the Polish language]”, in Word‎^[1], volume 11, number 4, →DOI, page 630
• Anikin, A. E. (2016) “га́ча I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 10 (галочка – глыча), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 138
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “га́чи”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “га́ча”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 183
• В. А. Меркулова (1980) “Русские этимологии IV”, in Этимология 1978, Moscow, page 102: “сугат”
• Oleg Trubachyov (1975) “Рецензии. В. И. Абаев. Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка.”, in Вопросы языкознания, number 1, Moscow: Nauka, page 133