Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьraka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Resultant or instrumental noun from *dьrati (“to flay”) +‎ *-ka.

Noun

*dьraka f

1. (nomen acti) brawl, scuffle
2. thorny plant, shrub

Declension

Declension of *dьraka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dьraka	*dьracě	*dьraky
genitive	*dьraky	*dьraku	*dьrakъ
dative	*dьracě	*dьrakama	*dьrakamъ
accusative	*dьrakǫ	*dьracě	*dьraky
instrumental	*dьrakojǫ, *dьrakǫ**	*dьrakama	*dьrakami
locative	*dьracě	*dьraku	*dьrakasъ, *dьrakaxъ*
vocative	*dьrako	*dьracě	*dьraky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *drokъ (“irritant”)
• *dьračь (“flayer”)
• *dьranь (“tearing”)
• *dьravъ (“abrupt, piercing, irritant”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: Драка (Draka) (personal name)
  • Russian: дра́ка (dráka)
  • Ukrainian: дра́ка (dráka)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: дра́ка (dráka, “thornbush”)
  • Macedonian: драка (draka)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: дра̏ка

    Latin script: drȁka

  • Slovene: drȃka, derák m
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: draka

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьraka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 216
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “драка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “драти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 123
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “драка”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 419
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “drȃčje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si