Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dęsna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *déntsnāˀ, from *dantís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.

Noun

*dę̄snà f^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

gingiva

Declension

Declension of *dę̄snà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dę̄snà	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ
genitive	*dę̄snỳ	*dę̄snù	*dę̃snъ
dative	*dę̄sně̀	*dę̄snàma	*dę̄snàmъ
accusative	*dę̄snǫ̀	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ
instrumental	dę̄snòjǫ, dę̃snǫ^**	*dę̄snàma	*dę̄snàmī
locative	*dę̄sně̀	*dę̄snù	dę̄snàsъ, dę̄snàxъ^*
vocative	*dęsno	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дѧсна́ (dęsná)
  - Old Ruthenian: дѧсна́ (djasná), дєсна́ (djesná)
    - Belarusian: дзясна́ (dzjasná)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: ясна́ (jasná), ясно́ n (jasnó)
    - Ukrainian: я́сна n pl (jásna)
  - Middle Russian: дѧсна́ (djasná)
    - Russian: десна́ (desná)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: дѧсна (dęsna)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰴⱔⱄⱀⰰ (dęsna)
  - Bulgarian: де́сна (désna) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: де̑сни f pl, де̑сна
  
  Latin script: dȇsni f pl, dȇsna
- Slovene: dlẹ̑sen (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dásně, dásno n, dásň, dáseň
  - Czech: dáseň
- Old Polish: dziąsno n
  - Polish: dziąsło n
  - Silesian: dziōnsło n
- Old Slovak: ďasno n, jasna
  - Pannonian Rusyn: ясна (jasna)
  - Slovak: ďasno n
- Polabian: ďǫsnă f sg or n pl
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: dąsło n, dąsno n, dąsna
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: źěsna n pl
  - Upper Sorbian: dźasna n pl

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “dęsno / dęslo, dęsna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 26
^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “dęsna”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 98
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dę̄snò; *dę̄snà; *dę̄slò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 113: “n. o; f. ā; n. o (b) ‘gum’”
^ Sayenko, Mikhail N. (2024) “Праславянское название десны: сложности реконструкции [The Proto-Slavic Name for the Gingiva: Difficulties of Reconstruction]”, in Славянский мир в третьем тысячелетии [Slavic World in the Third Millennium]‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 19, numbers 1–2, Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, →DOI, page 105‒131

[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “dęsno / dęslo, dęsna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 26

[2] Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “dęsna”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 98

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dę̄snò; *dę̄snà; *dę̄slò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 113: “n. o; f. ā; n. o (b) ‘gum’”

[4] Sayenko, Mikhail N. (2024) “Праславянское название десны: сложности реконструкции [The Proto-Slavic Name for the Gingiva: Difficulties of Reconstruction]”, in Славянский мир в третьем тысячелетии [Slavic World in the Third Millennium]‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 19, numbers 1–2, Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, →DOI, page 105‒131

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