Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-stъ
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. May reflect:
- Fossilized 0-grade of the root Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stay, to stand”), effectively meaning in the state of X. Similar semantic development of the PIE root is found in Irish tá (“to be, to have been”) (present tense copula);
- From Proto-Indo-European *-st-o-, similar to Proto-Slavic *-skъ;
- From dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *-tt-/*-d⁽ʰ⁾t- > Proto-Slavic *-st- or from Proto-Indo-European *-ḱt- > Proto-Slavic *-st-. Compare Proto-Slavic *tьstь (“father-in-law”).
Cognate with Lithuanian -stas, -štas (e.g. Lithuanian áukštas (“high”), karštas (“hot”)), Latvian -sts (e.g. Latvian mīksts (“soft”)). Perhaps related to the sta-present[1] in Baltic.
Suffix 1
[edit]*-stъ
- Forms adjectives related to distribution and density:
- Forms adjectives depicting a state or a feature:
Declension
[edit]Indefinite declension of *-stъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *-stъ | *-sta | *-sto |
genitive | *-sta | *-sty | *-sta |
dative | *-stu | *-stě | *-stu |
accusative | *-stъ | *-stǫ | *-sto |
instrumental | *-stomь | *-stojǫ | *-stomь |
locative | *-stě | *-stě | *-stě |
vocative | *-ste | *-sto | *-sto |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-sta | *-stě | *-stě |
genitive | *-stu | *-stu | *-stu |
dative | *-stoma | *-stama | *-stoma |
accusative | *-sta | *-stě | *-stě |
instrumental | *-stoma | *-stama | *-stoma |
locative | *-stu | *-stu | *-stu |
vocative | *-sta | *-stě | *-stě |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-sti | *-sty | *-sta |
genitive | *-stъ | *-stъ | *-stъ |
dative | *-stomъ | *-stamъ | *-stomъ |
accusative | *-sty | *-sty | *-sta |
instrumental | *-sty | *-stami | *-sty |
locative | *-stěxъ | *-staxъ | *-stěxъ |
vocative | *-sti | *-sty | *-sta |
Definite declension of *-stъ (hard)
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *-stъjь | *-staja | *-stoje |
genitive | *-stajego | *-styję̇ | *-stajego |
dative | *-stujemu | *-stěji | *-stujemu |
accusative | *-stъjь | *-stǫjǫ | *-stoje |
instrumental | *-styjimь | *-stǫjǫ | *-styjimь |
locative | *-stějemь | *-stěji | *-stějemь |
vocative | *-stъjь | *-staja | *-stoje |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-staja | *-stěji | *-stěji |
genitive | *-stuju | *-stuju | *-stuju |
dative | *-styjima | *-styjima | *-styjima |
accusative | *-staja | *-stěji | *-stěji |
instrumental | *-styjima | *-styjima | *-styjima |
locative | *-stuju | *-stuju | *-stuju |
vocative | *-staja | *-stěji | *-stěji |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-stiji | *-styję̇ | *-staja |
genitive | *-stъjixъ | *-stъjixъ | *-stъjixъ |
dative | *-styjimъ | *-styjimъ | *-styjimъ |
accusative | *-styję̇ | *-styję̇ | *-staja |
instrumental | *-styjimi | *-styjimi | *-styjimi |
locative | *-styjixъ | *-styjixъ | *-styjixъ |
vocative | *-stiji | *-styję̇ | *-staja |
Suffix 2
[edit]*-stъ m
- Forms nouns depicting objects or instruments:
- Forms nouns depicting states or measures:
Declension
[edit]Declension of *-stъ (hard o-stem)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2010) “Baltic sta-presents and the Indo-European desiderative”, in Indogermanische Forschungen 115, pages 204-233
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*prostъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421: “PIE *pro-sth₂o-”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьrstъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428: “PIE *pr-sth₂-o-”
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic suffixes
- Proto-Slavic adjective-forming suffixes
- Proto-Slavic hard adjectives
- Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes
- Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes
- Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns