Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želdъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Modern interpretation (per Derksen, Beekes, Snoj): Akin to Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail, sleet”), Persian ژاله (žâle, “hail, hoarfrost”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelh₂d-.
• Older interpretation (per Preobrazhensky, Walde): Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *golotь (“hoar”), Lithuanian gélmenis (“frost”), more commonly derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel(H)- (“to be cold”). Considered as "less probably" by Vasmer.

Noun

*žȇldъ m

1. glazed frost, sleet

   Synonyms: *golotь, *morzъ, *seržь

Alternative forms

• *žȇldь f (i-stem), *želdì f (ī-stem)
• *želdа f (ā-stem)

Declension

Declension of *žȇldъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žȇldъ	*žȇlda	*žȇldi
genitive	*žȇlda	*želdù	*žẽldъ
dative	*žȇldu	*želdomà	*želdòmъ
accusative	*žȇldъ	*žȇlda	*žȇldy
instrumental	*žȇldъmь, *žȇldomь*	*želdomà	*želdý
locative	*žȇldě	*želdù	*želdě̃xъ
vocative	*želde	*žȇlda	*žȇldi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *želditi (“to sleet”)
• *želdica
• *poželdъ, *poželdica
• *oželdъ, *oželdica

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • ⇒ Russian: ожеле́дица f (oželédica)
• South Slavic:
  • Slovene: žlẹ̑d (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Polabian: zlåd

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ожеле́дица”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• “gelmenis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012