Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьdati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited or (at least) based on Proto-Balto-Slavic *géistei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian geĩsti (“to desire”) (ye-present), Old Prussian gēide (“[they] wait”) and related to Latvian gàidît (“to wait”), Proto-West Germanic *gīdisōn (“to be greedy”).

Majer presumes origin ultimatly from a proto-medial voice *gʰidʰ-ó(r) ~ *gʰidʰ-ró(r).

Verb

*žьdàti impf

1. to wait

   Synonym: *čakati

2. to await, to expect

Alternative forms

• *žьděti (ě/i-conjugation) (in Slovene)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *žьdati, *žьda, *židetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žьdanьje	*žьdati	*žьdatъ	*žьdalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žьdanъ	*židomъ
Active	*žьdavъ	*židy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žьdaxъ	*žьda	*žьda	*židǫ	*žideši	*židetь
Dual	*žьdaxově	*žьdasta	*žьdaste	*židevě	*žideta	*židete
Plural	*žьdaxomъ	*žьdaste	*žьdašę	*židemъ	*židete	*židǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žьdaaxъ	*žьdaaše	*žьdaaše	—	*židi	*židi
Dual	*žьdaaxově	*žьdaašeta	*žьdaašete	*židěvě	*židěta	—
Plural	*žьdaaxomъ	*žьdaašete	*žьdaaxǫ	*židěmъ	*židěte	—

• Iterative stem: *-židati

Derived terms

• *dožidati
• *ožidati
  • *ožidanьje (“expectation”)
• *požidati
• *peržidati
• *jьzžidati, *vyžidati (“to bide one's time”)
• *žьdьnъ (“awaited, expected”)

Related terms

• *kъžьdo (“everyone, altogether”) (< *kъ (“interrogative particle”) + *-žьdо)
  • *kъžьdъ (“each, any”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: жьдати (žĭdati)
    • Old Ruthenian: ждати (ždati)
      • Belarusian: ждаць (ždacʹ)
      • Ukrainian: жда́ти (ždáty)
    • Russian: ждать (ždatʹ)
  • Old Pskovian: зьдати (źĭdati)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: жьдати (žĭdati)

    Glagolitic script: ⰶⱐⰴⰰⱅⰻ (žĭdati)

  • Bulgarian: жда (žda), жъда́ (žǎdá) (dialectal)
  • Slovene: ždẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: ždáti
    • Czech: ždát
  • Kashubian: żdac
  • Old Polish: żdać

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ждать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жъда, жда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 562
• “geisti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012