Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ědъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyd- (“to swell”), in which case cognate to Ancient Greek οἶδος (oîdos, “swelling, tumour”) and Proto-Germanic *aitrą (“poison, puss”).

Noun

*ědъ m

poison, venom
(figurative) malice

Inflection

Declension of *ědъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ědъ	*ěda	*ědi
genitive	*ěda	*ědu	*ědъ
dative	*ědu	*ědoma	*ědomъ
accusative	*ědъ	*ěda	*ědy
instrumental	ědъmь, ědomь^*	*ědoma	*ědy
locative	*ědě	*ědu	*ěděxъ
vocative	*ěde	*ěda	*ědi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

(adjective):

*ědovitъ

Related terms

(nouns):

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ѣдъ (jědŭ), ꙗдъ (jadŭ)
  - Belarusian: яд (jad)
  - Russian: яд (jad)
  - Ukrainian: їд (jid) (obsolete)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: ꙗдъ (jadŭ)
- Bulgarian: яд (jad)
- Macedonian:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic script: ја̏д, је̑д
  - Latin script: jȁd, jȇd
- Slovene: jâd (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jěd
  - Czech: jed
- Kashubian: jôd
- Old Polish: jad
  - Polish: jad
- Slovak: jed
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: jěd
  - Upper Sorbian: jěd

Non-Slavic:
- → Komi-Zyrian: яд (jad)
- → Eastern Mari: яд (jad)
- → Udmurt: яд (jad)

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ědъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 45
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “яд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress