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Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s(j)am-s

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This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

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Etymology

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  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sjəm (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s(y)am-s (Matisoff, STEDT); *səm (French, 1983); *sam (Coblin, 1986; Michailovsky, 1991)

Noun

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*s(j)am-s

  1. soul, mind, spirit
  2. heart
  3. breath, voice

Descendants

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  • Old Chinese: (xīn) /*səm/ (B-S), /*slɯm/ (ZS) ("heart, mind")
    • Middle Chinese: (xīn) /siɪm/
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**:

Japanese:  (しん, ​shin)
Korean:  (, sim)
Vietnamese: tâm ()

      • Mandarin
        • Beijing: (xīn) (xīn, /ɕin⁵⁵/)
      • Cantonese
        • Guangzhou: (xīn) /sɐm⁵⁵/
      • Wu
        • Shanghai: (xīn) /ɕɪ̆ɲ⁵³/
    • Min
      • Min Nan
        • Taiwan: (xīn) /ɕim⁵⁵/
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: སེམས (sems, mind, heart, cognition), སེམས་པ (sems pa, to think, reflect, apprehend, contemplate), བསམས (bsams, thought)
      • Tamangic
        *ᴬson, *ᴬsan, *ᴬsam (mind, heart) (Mazaudon, 1994)
    • Kiranti
      /*sam/ ("breath, lung") (Michailovsky, 1991)
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho
      • Jingpho [Kachin]: nsen (sound, voice)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      • Burmish

See also

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