Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/C-rəŋ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qrəŋ (Hill, 2019)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *b-raŋ ⪤ *g-raŋ (Matisoff, STEDT)

The pre-initial consonant in this word varies wildly from velar to labial across non-Chinese languages, and even is a uvular in Chinese. The source of this variation has yet to be resolved.

Noun

*C-rəŋ

breast, chest

Descendants

Old Chinese:
- 膺 (OC *qɯŋ, “breast(plate); to undertake, attack”)
- 應 (OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs, “to face, respond”)
NE Indian Areal Group
- Manipuri: ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯡ (polaang, “basket of bamboo/cane”), used in ꯊꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯡ (thabaakkee saroo polaang, “ribcage”)
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tshangla:
      - Motuo: /praŋ¹³ toŋ⁵⁵/
      - Tilang: /braŋ/
    - Tawang Monpa:
      - Wenlang: /brɑŋ⁵⁵ to⁵⁵/
      - Mama: /prɑŋ¹³/
      - Cuona: /praŋ³⁵/
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: བྲང (brang, “chest, breast”)
        Ü-Tsang:
        Lhasa: /phaŋ¹³/
        
        Khams:
        Batang: /dzõ¹³/
        
        Dêgê: /tʂuŋ¹³/
        
        Amdo:
        Arik: /ptʂaŋ/
        
        Bla-Brang: /ptʂaŋ/
        
        Zeku: /tʂaŋ/, /ptʂaŋ/
        
        Dzongkha: བྱང (byang, “chest, breast”)
        
        Sherpa-Jirel:
        Jirel: /tʰaŋ³³/
        
        Lahuli-Spiti:
        Spiti Bhoti: བྲང་ཁོག (/ʈʰaŋɡok/)
Tangut-Qiang
- Northern Tangut
  - Tangut: 𗏘 (*ɣar², “chest”)
- Qiangic
  - Ersu: [Term?] (/ro³³ n̠ʲo⁵⁵ ma⁵⁵/)
  - Guiqiong: [script needed] (/wɔ̃³³ tɕɑ⁵³/)
  - Namuyi: [Term?] (/ʁo⁵⁵ ɬy⁵⁵/)
  - Northern Pumi:
    - Taoba: /ho⁵⁵ ɬɪ̃⁵⁵/
  - Northern Qiang:
    - Mawo: /ɹu qʰuɑ/
    - Yadu: /ji qʰuɑ/
  - Southern Qiang:
    - Longxi: /ʁó qʰuà/
Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
  - Burmish
    - Written Burmese: ရင် (rang, “breast, chest”)