Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/tiʔin-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative reconstructions

• *taʔin-

Noun

*tiʔin- m or f

1. fig

Inflection

Declension of *tiʔin-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tiʔinum	*tiʔināna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*tiʔinam	*tiʔinayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*tiʔinim
possessive forms
1st person	*tiʔinī / *tiʔinVya	—	*tiʔinVni
2nd person m	*tiʔinVka	*tiʔinVkumā / *tiʔinVkumay	*tiʔinVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*tiʔinVki		*tiʔinVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*tiʔinVšu	*tiʔinVšumā / *tiʔinVšumay	*tiʔinVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*tiʔinVša		*tiʔinVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *tiʔinuya for nom. case, *tiʔiniya for gen. case, *tiʔinaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒄑𒈠 (tittum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:

        Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תְּאֵנְתָּא (təʾēntā), תֵּינְתָּא (tēntā)

        Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: תינה (tēnā), determinate state תינתה (tēntā)

        Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܬܝܢܐ (tēnā)

        • Classical Syriac: ܬܷ݁ܐܢܬ݁ܳܐ (tēʾntā)
        • → Arabic: تِين (tīn)
      • Canaanite:
        • Ammonite: 𐤕𐤀𐤍 (tʾn)
        • Hebrew: תְּאֵנָה (t'ená, təʾēnâ)
        • Phoenician: *𐤕𐤀𐤍 (*tʾn) or *𐤕𐤉𐤍 (*tyn)
          • Punic: 𐤕𐤉𐤍 (tyn)
      • the fig-tree is not attested in Ugaritic

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2017) “The illusory Yemenite connection of Andalusi Arabic”, in Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik‎^[2], volume 66, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →DOI, page 26
• Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 204