Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/kabid-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*kabid- m

1. liver

Inflection

Declension of *kabid-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kabidum	*kabidāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*kabidam	*kabidayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*kabidim
possessive forms
1st person	*kabidī / *kabidVya	—	*kabidVni
2nd person m	*kabidVka	*kabidVkumā / *kabidVkumay	*kabidVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*kabidVki		*kabidVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*kabidVšu	*kabidVšumā / *kabidVšumay	*kabidVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*kabidVša		*kabidVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kabiduya for nom. case, *kabidiya for gen. case, *kabidaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒅗𒁁𒌈 (kabattum, “innards; mood, mind”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: كَبِد (kabid), كِبْد (kibd)
  • Northwest Semitic:
    • Aramaic:
      • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כַּבדָּא (kaḇdā)
      • Classical Syriac: ܟܱ݁ܒܕܴ݁ܐ (kaḇdā, “liver; anger”)
    • Hebrew: כָּבֵד (kavéd, kāḇēd)
    • Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎁𐎄 (kbd /⁠kabidu⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ሆድ (hod, “belly”)
    • Ge'ez: ከብድ (käbd, “liver, belly”)
    • Tigrinya: ከብዲ (käbdi, “liver, belly”)

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 32