Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/batūl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Probably connected to Arabic [script needed] (btl, “to cut off, to severe”) and Amharic ባተለ (battälä, “to work alone, without any helper”).

Noun

*batūl-

virgin
young woman

Inflection

Declension of *batūl-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*batūlum

*batūlāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*batūlim

*batūlayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*batūlam

possessive forms

1st person

*batūlī / *batūlVya

—

*batūlVni

2nd person m

*batūlVka

*batūlVkumā / *batūlVkumay

*batūlVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*batūlVki

*batūlVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*batūlVšu

*batūlVšumā / *batūlVšumay

*batūlVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*batūlVša

*batūlVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *batūluya for nom. case, *batūliya for gen. case, *batūlaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *batūl-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*batūluka	*batūlāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*batūlika	*batūlayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*batūlaka	*batūlayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *batūl-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*batūluki	*batūlāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*batūliki	*batūlayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*batūlaki	*batūlayki	plural stem + *-īki

Derived terms

*batūl(-at)-

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: [script needed] f (batūlu)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: بتول f
    - Turkish: Betül (a female given name)
  - Canaanite:
    - Hebrew: בְּתוּלָה f (betulá)
      - Yiddish: בְּתוּלָה (psule)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: בתולתא f (bəṯūltā)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎚𐎍𐎚 f (batūlatu)

References

Fox, Joshua (2003) Semitic Noun Patterns (Harvard Semitic Studies; 52), 1st edition, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, →ISBN, page 85
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag