Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/batūl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Probably connected to Arabic [script needed] (btl, “to cut off, to severe”) and Amharic ባተለ (battälä, “to work alone, without any helper”).

Noun

*batūl-

1. virgin
2. young woman

Inflection

Declension of *batūl-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*batūlum	*batūlāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*batūlim	*batūlayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*batūlam
possessive forms
1st person	*batūlī / *batūlVya	—	*batūlVni
2nd person m	*batūlVka	*batūlVkumā / *batūlVkumay	*batūlVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*batūlVki		*batūlVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*batūlVšu	*batūlVšumā / *batūlVšumay	*batūlVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*batūlVša		*batūlVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *batūluya for nom. case, *batūliya for gen. case, *batūlaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *batūl- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *batūluka *batūlāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *batūlika *batūlayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *batūlaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *batūl- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *batūluki *batūlāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *batūliki *batūlayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *batūlaki

Derived terms

• *batūl(-at)-

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: [script needed] f (batūlu)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: بتول f
      • Turkish: Betül (a female given name)
    • Canaanite:
      • Hebrew: בְּתוּלָה f (betulá)
        • Yiddish: בְּתוּלָה (psule)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: בתולתא f (bəṯūltā)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎚𐎍𐎚 f (batūlatu)

References

• Fox, Joshua (2003) Semitic Noun Patterns (Harvard Semitic Studies; 52), 1st edition, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, →ISBN, page 85
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag