Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baraḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *bǐrk’-/*bǎrk’- (“to flash”). Cognate with Egyptian brg / brk (“to give out light”) and Proto-Cushitic *bark’-/*birk’- (“spark, flash”).

Noun

*baraḳ- m

1. lightning

Inflection

Declension of *baraḳ-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*baraḳum	*baraḳāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*baraḳam	*baraḳayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*baraḳim
possessive forms
1st person	*baraḳī / *baraḳVya	—	*baraḳVni
2nd person m	*baraḳVka	*baraḳVkumā / *baraḳVkumay	*baraḳVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*baraḳVki		*baraḳVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*baraḳVšu	*baraḳVšumā / *baraḳVšumay	*baraḳVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*baraḳVša		*baraḳVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *baraḳuya for nom. case, *baraḳiya for gen. case, *baraḳaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒉏𒄈 (birqum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • (possibly formed as a deverbal noun rather than a true inheritance) Arabic: بَرْق (barq)
      • Hijazi Arabic: برق (barg)
      • Maltese: beraq
      • Moroccan Arabic: برق (barq)
      • South Levantine Arabic: برق (barq)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: برق (berk)
      • → Persian: برق (barq)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: בַּרְקָא (barqā)
        • Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡉࡓࡒࡀ (birqā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܒܱ݁ܪܩܳܐ (barqā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: בָּרָק (barák, bārāq)
        • Phoenician: 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (brq /⁠baraq⁠/)
          • Punic: 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (brq /⁠baraq⁠/)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎗𐎖 (brq /⁠baraqu⁠/)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • (Epigraphic) Old South Arabian: 𐩨𐩧𐩤 (brq)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: በርቅ (bärḳ)
    • Ge'ez: በርቅ (bärḳ)
    • Tigrinya: በርቂ (bärḳi)
    • Tigre: በርቅ (bärḳ)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Mehri: bōreq
    • Shehri: barq
    • Soqotri: barq
• → Coptic: ⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ (ebrēce) (Sahidic)

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN