Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯūm-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative forms

• *ṯawm-, *ṯuwm-

Noun

*ṯūm- m

1. garlic

Inflection

Declension of *ṯūm-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ṯūmum	*ṯūmāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ṯūmam	*ṯūmayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ṯūmim
possessive forms
1st person	*ṯūmī / *ṯūmVya	—	*ṯūmVni
2nd person m	*ṯūmVka	*ṯūmVkumā / *ṯūmVkumay	*ṯūmVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ṯūmVki		*ṯūmVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ṯūmVšu	*ṯūmVšumā / *ṯūmVšumay	*ṯūmVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ṯūmVša		*ṯūmVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṯūmuya for nom. case, *ṯūmiya for gen. case, *ṯūmaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒋧 (šūmū)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: ثُوم (ṯūm), فُوم (fūm) — Classical Arabic
      • Andalusian Arabic: ثَوْم (ṯawm)
      • Egyptian Arabic: توم (tōm)
      • Hijazi Arabic: ثوم (tūm)
      • Maltese: tewm
      • Moroccan Arabic: توم (tawm, tūm)
      • Sudanese Arabic: توم (tōm)
      • Yemeni Arabic: ثَوْم (ṯawm)
      • → Swahili: saumu
    • Aramaic:
      • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תּוּמָא (tūmā)
      • Classical Syriac: ܬܘܽܡܳܐ (tūmā)
    • Canaanite:
      • Hebrew: שׁוּם (shum, šûm)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Ge'ez: ሱም (sum)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Mehri: ṯəmēt
    • Shehri: ṯuhm