Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṭīn-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṭīn- m

1. clay

Inflection

Declension of *ṭīn-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ṭīnum	*ṭīnāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ṭīnim	*ṭīnayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ṭīnam
possessive forms
1st person	*ṭīnī / *ṭīnVya	—	*ṭīnVni
2nd person m	*ṭīnVka	*ṭīnVkumā / *ṭīnVkumay	*ṭīnVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ṭīnVki		*ṭīnVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ṭīnVšu	*ṭīnVšumā / *ṭīnVšumay	*ṭīnVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ṭīnVša		*ṭīnVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṭīnuya for nom. case, *ṭīniya for gen. case, *ṭīnaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ṭīn- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ṭīnuka *ṭīnāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ṭīnika *ṭīnayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ṭīnaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ṭīn- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ṭīnuki *ṭīnāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ṭīniki *ṭīnayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ṭīnaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒅎 (ṭīdum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: طِين (ṭīn)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:
        • Classical Syriac: ܛܝܼܢܵܐ (ṭīnā)
          • → Israeli Hebrew: טִין (tín)
      • Canaanite:
        • Biblical Hebrew: טִיט (tit, ṭîṭ)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Tigrinya: ጠየን (ṭäyän)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Mehri: ṭayn
    • Shehri: ṭun

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 189