Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥargil-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative reconstructions

• *ḥargal-

Noun

*ḥargil- m

1. locust

   Synonym: *ʔirbay-

Inflection

Declension of *ḥargil-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥargilum	*ḥargilāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ḥargilim	*ḥargilayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ḥargilam
possessive forms
1st person	*ḥargilī / *ḥargilVya	—	*ḥargilVni
2nd person m	*ḥargilVka	*ḥargilVkumā / *ḥargilVkumay	*ḥargilVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ḥargilVki		*ḥargilVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ḥargilVšu	*ḥargilVšumā / *ḥargilVšumay	*ḥargilVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ḥargilVša		*ḥargilVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥargiluya for nom. case, *ḥargiliya for gen. case, *ḥargilaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥargil- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥargiluka *ḥargilāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ḥargilika *ḥargilayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ḥargilaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥargil- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥargiluki *ḥargilāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ḥargiliki *ḥargilayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ḥargilaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒉅𒅕𒄀𒈝 (ergilum)
    • → Sumerian: 𒉅𒅕𒄀𒈝 (^buru₅ir-gi-lum /⁠irgilum⁠/)
  • Eblaite: 𒅕𒄀𒈝 (ir-gi-lum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic
    • Arabic: حَرْجَل (ḥarjal)
  • Northwest Semitic:
    • Aramaic:
      • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܪܓܘܼܠ (ḥargul)
      • Classical Syriac: ܚܪܓܠܐ (ḥargālā, ḥargəlā)
        • → Old Armenian: խարագուլ (xaragul)
      • Jewish Literary Aramaic: חַרְגְּלָא (ḥargəlā) (Hebraizing variant in the same locus חַרְגֹּלָא (ḥargōlā))
    • Canaanite:
      • Hebrew: חַרְגּוֹל (khargól, ḥargôl)
  • Old South Arabian:
    • Sabaean: 𐩲𐩧𐩴𐩡 (ʿrgl)

References

• Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 89
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 142–143, Nr. 103
• Sima, Alexander (2000) Tiere, Pflanzen, Steine und Metalle in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 31–33