Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥamaṣ́-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Perhaps *ḥamṣ́- (“sour”) is the original of this root.

Verb

*ḥamaṣ́-

1. to be or become sour, to be acid to the taste sense

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḥamaṣ́- (paʕala)

verbal noun					*ḥamṣ́-
active participle					*ḥāmiṣ́-
passive participle					*ḥamīṣ́-, *ḥamūṣ́-
		singular				dual				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	*ḥamaṣ́ku	*ḥamaṣ́ka	*ḥamaṣ́a		*ḥamaṣ́kayā	*ḥamaṣ́kā	*ḥamaṣ́ā		*ḥamaṣ́na	*ḥamaṣ́kanu	*ḥamaṣ́ū
	f		*ḥamaṣ́ki	*ḥamaṣ́at				*ḥamaṣ́atā			*ḥamaṣ́kina	*ḥamaṣ́ā
imperfect	m	*ʔaḥmiṣ́	*taḥmiṣ́	*yiḥmiṣ́			*taḥmiṣ́ā	*yaḥmiṣ́ā		*niḥmiṣ́	*taḥmiṣ́ū	*yiḥmiṣ́ū
	f		*taḥmiṣ́ī	*taḥmiṣ́				*taḥmiṣ́ā			*taḥmiṣ́ā	*yiḥmiṣ́ā
imperative	m		*ḥamiṣ́				*ḥamiṣ́ā				*ḥamiṣ́ū
	f		*ḥamiṣ́ī								*ḥamiṣ́ā

Related terms

• *ḥāmiṣ́- (“sour”, active participle)
• *ḥamīṣ́- (“sour”, passive participle)
• *ḥamṣ́- (“sour”)
• *ḥammiṣ́- (“to make sour, to acidify”)

Descendants

• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: حَمُضَ (ḥamuḍa), حَمِضَ (ḥamiḍa)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:
        • Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: חֲמַע
        • Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܚܡܰܥ
        • Jewish Literary Aramaic: חֲמַע (ḥămaʿ)
        • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חֳמַץ (ḥămaṣ)
        • Classical Syriac: ܚܡܰܥ (ḥəmaʿ), ܚܡܰܨ (ḥəmaṣ)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎎𐎕 (ḥmṣ /⁠ḥamaṣa⁠/)