Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥabl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḥabl- m

rope

Inflection

Declension of *ḥabl-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ḥablum

*ḥablāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ḥablim

*ḥablayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ḥablam

possessive forms

1st person

*ḥablī / *ḥablVya

—

*ḥablVni

2nd person m

*ḥablVka

*ḥablVkumā / *ḥablVkumay

*ḥablVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ḥablVki

*ḥablVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ḥablVšu

*ḥablVšumā / *ḥablVšumay

*ḥablVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ḥablVša

*ḥablVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥabluya for nom. case, *ḥabliya for gen. case, *ḥablaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥabl-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥabluka	*ḥablāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ḥablika	*ḥablayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ḥablaka	*ḥablayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥabl-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥabluki	*ḥablāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ḥabliki	*ḥablayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ḥablaki	*ḥablayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic
- Akkadian: 𒂠 (eblu)
West Semitic
- Central Semitic
  - Arabic: حَبْل (ḥabl)
    - Gulf Arabic: حَبِل (ḥəbel)
    - Maltese: ħabel
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: חַבִלָא (ḥaḇlā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܚܰܒܠܳܐ (ḥaḇlā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: חֶבֶל (khével, ḥéḇel)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎁𐎍 (ḥbl /⁠ḥablu⁠/)
  - Old South Arabian
    - Old South Arabian: 𐩢𐩨𐩡 (ḥbl, “pact, alliance”)
- Ethiopian Semitic
  - Amharic: ሀብል (häbl)
  - Ge'ez: ሐብል (ḥäbl)
  - Tigre: ሐብል (ḥäbl)
  - Tigrinya: ሐብሊ (ḥäbli)
- Modern South Arabian
  - Soqotri: ḥábehol

References

Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 17
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 223
Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 159
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 107–108
Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 15