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Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯawr-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

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Etymology

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Uncertain:

1. Proto-Indo-European *táwros; may be borrowed from or into, or possibly both from a common unknown source.
2. From Proto-Afroasiatic. Compare Egyptian šsr (sacrificial bull), Aweer sheer (hippo), Bura čiwar̃ (elephant).

Noun

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*ṯawr- m

  1. bull, ox

Inflection

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Declension of *ṯawr-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ṯawrum *ṯawrāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ṯawram *ṯawrayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ṯawrim
possessive forms
1st person *ṯawrī / *ṯawrVya *ṯawrVni
2nd person m *ṯawrVka *ṯawrVkumā / *ṯawrVkumay *ṯawrVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ṯawrVki *ṯawrVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ṯawrVšu *ṯawrVšumā / *ṯawrVšumay *ṯawrVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ṯawrVša *ṯawrVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṯawruya for nom. case, *ṯawriya for gen. case, *ṯawraya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

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  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒋗𒌑𒊒 (šūrum)
    • Eblaite: 𒄞𒌉 (GU4.TUR /⁠šu-lum⁠/)
  • West Semitic: