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Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕayn-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

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    Noun

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    *ʕayn- f

    1. eye
    2. spring (of water)

    Inflection

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    Declension of *ʕayn-
    case singular dual plural
    nominative *ʕaynum *ʕaynāna plural stem + *-ūna
    accusative *ʕaynam *ʕaynayna plural stem + *-īna
    genitive *ʕaynim
    possessive forms
    1st person *ʕaynī / *ʕaynVya *ʕaynVni
    2nd person m *ʕaynVka *ʕaynVkumā / *ʕaynVkumay *ʕaynVkum(ū)
    2nd person f *ʕaynVki *ʕaynVkin(ā)
    3rd person m *ʕaynVšu *ʕaynVšumā / *ʕaynVšumay *ʕaynVšum(ū)
    3rd person f *ʕaynVša *ʕaynVšin(ā)

    the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕaynuya for nom. case, *ʕayniya for gen. case, *ʕaynaya for acc. case, etc.

    Declension of *ʕayn-
    case singular dual plural
    nominative *ʕaynum *ʕaynāna *ʕaynātum
    accusative *ʕaynam *ʕaynayna *ʕaynātim
    genitive *ʕaynim
    possessive forms
    1st person *ʕaynī / *ʕaynVya *ʕaynVni
    2nd person m *ʕaynVka *ʕaynVkumā / *ʕaynVkumay *ʕaynVkum(ū)
    2nd person f *ʕaynVki *ʕaynVkin(ā)
    3rd person m *ʕaynVšu *ʕaynVšumā / *ʕaynVšumay *ʕaynVšum(ū)
    3rd person f *ʕaynVša *ʕaynVšin(ā)

    the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕaynuya for nom. case, *ʕayniya for gen. case, *ʕaynaya for acc. case, etc.

    Descendants

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    References

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    • Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
    • Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN