Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔarway-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *rVw- (“predator; usually large feliforms”). Cognate with Egyptian

(rw, “lion”), Nefusa wär (“lion”), Zenaga war (“lion”), Somali aar (“lion”), Proto-Central Chadic *ruw- (“hyena, wild cat”), Mubi ʔórúwà (“lion”) and Tumak ǝ̄rǝ̄w (“leopard”).

Noun

*ʔarway- m

1. beast, wild animal
2. lion

Inflection

Declension of *ʔarway-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔarwayum	*ʔarwayāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ʔarwayim	*ʔarwayayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ʔarwayam
possessive forms
1st person	*ʔarwayī / *ʔarwayVya	—	*ʔarwayVni
2nd person m	*ʔarwayVka	*ʔarwayVkumā / *ʔarwayVkumay	*ʔarwayVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʔarwayVki		*ʔarwayVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʔarwayVšu	*ʔarwayVšumā / *ʔarwayVšumay	*ʔarwayVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʔarwayVša		*ʔarwayVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔarwayuya for nom. case, *ʔarwayiya for gen. case, *ʔarwayaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔarway- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔarwayuka *ʔarwayāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ʔarwayika *ʔarwayayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ʔarwayaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔarway- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔarwayuki *ʔarwayāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ʔarwayiki *ʔarwayayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ʔarwayaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒀉𒄷 (arûm, “eagle, bird of prey”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: אַרְיָא, אַרְיוּתָּא
        • Classical Syriac: ܐܰܪܝܝܳܐ (ʾaryəyāʾ), ܐܰܪܝܳܐ (ʾaryā), ܐܰܪܝܽܘܬܳܐ (ʾaryūṯā)
        • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܪܝܐ (ʾaryā), ܐܪܝܝܬܐ (ʾaryita)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: אַרְיֵה (aryé, ʾaryê), אֲרִי (arí, ʾărî)
        • Phoenician: 𐤀𐤓𐤅 (ʾrw /⁠ʾarwe⁠/)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎗𐎆 (ảrw /⁠ʾarwu⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: አውሬ (ʾäwre, “beast, wild animal”)
    • Ge'ez: አርዌ (ʾärwe)
    • Tigrinya: አውሬ (ʾäwre)
• →? Old Armenian: առիւծ (aṙiwc)

Further reading

• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 24–26
• Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “ảrw”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 107