Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šamaʕ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Possibly related to Egyptian sḏm (“to hear”), smt (“to hear, examine”), as well as Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵓⵖ (amẓẓuɣ).

Verb

*šamaʕ-

1. to hear, to listen

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/šamaʕ- (paʕala)

verbal noun					*šamʕ-
active participle					*šāmiʕ-
passive participle					*šamīʕ-, *šamūʕ-
		singular				dual				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	*šamaʕku	*šamaʕka	*šamaʕa		*šamaʕkayā	*šamaʕkā	*šamaʕā		*šamaʕna	*šamaʕkanu	*šamaʕū
	f		*šamaʕki	*šamaʕat				*šamaʕatā			*šamaʕkina	*šamaʕā
imperfect	m	*ʔašmaʕ	*tašmaʕ	*yišmaʕ		*tašmaʕā	*yašmaʕā	*nišmaʕ		*tašmaʕū	*yišmaʕū
	f		*tašmaʕī	*tašmaʕ			*tašmaʕā			*tašmaʕā	*yišmaʕā
imperative	m		*šamaʕ			*šamaʕā				*šamaʕū
	f		*šamaʕī							*šamaʕā

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒄑𒌇 (šemûm)
• West Semitic
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: سَمِعَ (samiʕa)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: שְׁמַע (šəmaʿ)
        • Classical Syriac: ܫܡܰܥ (šəmaʿ)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: שָׁמַע (shamá', šāmaʿ)
        • Samaritan Hebrew: ࠔࠌࠏ (šəmaʿ)
        • Phoenician: 𐤔𐤌𐤏 (šmʿ)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎎𐎓 (šmʿ /⁠šamiʿa⁠/)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • Old South Arabian: 𐩪𐩣𐩲 (s¹mʿ)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ሰማ (säma)
    • Argobba: ሰማ (sämma)
    • Gafat: ሰመ (sämmä)
    • Ge'ez: ሰምዐ (sämʿä)
    • Sebat Bet Gurage: ሰማ (säma)
    • Harari: ሰማዓ (sämaʿa)
    • Tigre: ሰምዓ (sämʿa)
    • Tigrinya: ሰምዔ (sämʿe)