Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/åəj-

This Proto-Samoyedic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Samoyedic

Alternative reconstructions

(Nganasan) *åə-
(Mator, possibly others) *äəj-

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Uralic *wole-.^[1] The loss of initial *w- is unexpected, but a similar development is also seen in *ü- (“to drag, pull”) (← Proto-Uralic *wixe-) and possibly *i- (“to take”) (? ← Proto-Uralic *wexe-).

Verb

*åəj-^[2]

to be

Descendants

Nganasan: ӈуоˮ (ŋuoʔ)^[3](imperative)
Enets:^[4]
- Forest Enets: э- (e-)
- Tundra Enets: а- (a-)
Nenets:
- Forest Nenets: ӈӭш (ŋäš)^[5]
- Tundra Nenets: ӈэсь (ŋesʹ°)^[6]
Proto-Selkup: *ē-^[7]
- Northern Selkup: э̄ӄо (ēqo)^[8]
- Southern Selkup:
  - Narym: э̄гу (ēgu)^[9]
  - Upper Ob: йегу (jjegu)^[10]
⇒ Kamassian: игезьәт (igeźət)^[11]
- Koibal: и- (i-)^[12]
Mator: ӓй- (äj-)^[13]

References

^ Ante Aikio (2002) “New and Old Samoyed Etymologies”, in Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, page 39
^ Janhunen, Juha. 1977. Samojedischer Wortschatz: Gemeinsamojedische Etymologien ('Samoyedic Vocabulary: Common Samoyedic Etymologies'). Castreanianumin toimitteita 17. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. →ISBN.
^ N. T. Kosterkina, A. C. Momde, T. Y. Zhdanova (2001) Словарь нганасанско-русский и русско-нганасанский, St. Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 139
^ Olesya Khanina, Andrey Shluinsky (2023) Forest and Tundra Enets‎^[1], →DOI, →ISBN, page 824
^ M. Y. Barmich, I. A. Vello (2002) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий (лесной диалект), Просвещение, →ISBN, page 102
^ N. M. Tereschenko (2005) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 89
^ T. Janurik (2023) “A protoszölkup nyelvállapot és fejleményei. Elektronikus kézirat.”, in Szamojéd Tudástár‎^[2] (in Hungarian), page 16
^ O. A. Kazakevich, Ye. M. Budyanskaya (2010) Диалектологический словарь селькупского языка (северное наречие) [Dialectological dictionary of the Selkup language (Northern continuum)], Yekaterinburg: Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS; Баско, →ISBN, page 175 of 368
^ I. A. Korobeynikova (2020) Родное слово [Native word], Tomsk: Аграф-Пресс; Вайар, →ISBN, page 134 of 240
^ G. Yu. Kostyuchenko (2023) Тюйкуй Йэжиссан – Селькупский словарь для остяков Молчановского района [Tjuykuy Yezhissan – Selkup dictionary for Molchanovo district Selkup people], Molchanovo, page 13 of 109
^ Donner, Kai R. (1944) Kamassisches Wörterbuch nebst Sprachproben und Hauptzügen der Grammatik‎^[3], Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 22
^ T. Janurik (2021) Kojbál szótár: a publikált szójegyzékek egyesített szótára.‎^[4] (in Hungarian), Székesfehérvár, pages 19, 68
^ E. Helimski (1997) N. Beáta, editor, Die Matorische Sprache‎^[5] (in German), Szeged: JATE Finnugor Tanszék, →ISBN, page 209

[1] Ante Aikio (2002) “New and Old Samoyed Etymologies”, in Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, page 39

[2] Janhunen, Juha. 1977. Samojedischer Wortschatz: Gemeinsamojedische Etymologien ('Samoyedic Vocabulary: Common Samoyedic Etymologies'). Castreanianumin toimitteita 17. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. →ISBN.

[3] N. T. Kosterkina, A. C. Momde, T. Y. Zhdanova (2001) Словарь нганасанско-русский и русско-нганасанский, St. Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 139

[4] Olesya Khanina, Andrey Shluinsky (2023) Forest and Tundra Enets‎^[1], →DOI, →ISBN, page 824

[5] M. Y. Barmich, I. A. Vello (2002) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий (лесной диалект), Просвещение, →ISBN, page 102

[6] N. M. Tereschenko (2005) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 89

[7] T. Janurik (2023) “A protoszölkup nyelvállapot és fejleményei. Elektronikus kézirat.”, in Szamojéd Tudástár‎^[2] (in Hungarian), page 16

[8] O. A. Kazakevich, Ye. M. Budyanskaya (2010) Диалектологический словарь селькупского языка (северное наречие) [Dialectological dictionary of the Selkup language (Northern continuum)], Yekaterinburg: Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS; Баско, →ISBN, page 175 of 368

[9] I. A. Korobeynikova (2020) Родное слово [Native word], Tomsk: Аграф-Пресс; Вайар, →ISBN, page 134 of 240

[10] G. Yu. Kostyuchenko (2023) Тюйкуй Йэжиссан – Селькупский словарь для остяков Молчановского района [Tjuykuy Yezhissan – Selkup dictionary for Molchanovo district Selkup people], Molchanovo, page 13 of 109

[11] Donner, Kai R. (1944) Kamassisches Wörterbuch nebst Sprachproben und Hauptzügen der Grammatik‎^[3], Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 22

[12] T. Janurik (2021) Kojbál szótár: a publikált szójegyzékek egyesített szótára.‎^[4] (in Hungarian), Székesfehérvár, pages 19, 68

[13] E. Helimski (1997) N. Beáta, editor, Die Matorische Sprache‎^[5] (in German), Szeged: JATE Finnugor Tanszék, →ISBN, page 209

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