Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-ku

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Etymology

Cognate with Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu), [Khitan small needed] (gi), [Khitan small needed] (ho).

Suffix

*-ku

1. future participle suffix

Derived terms

• *-kuï
• *-kun

Descendants

• Middle Mongol:
  • Mongolian: -ᠬᠤ (-qu), -ᠬᠦ (-kü)
  • Phags-pa ꡢꡟ (-qu), ꡂꡟ (-gu), ꡁꡟ (-k'u)
  • Arabic: قو (-qu), كو (-ku)
• Mongolian:
  • Classical: -ᠬᠤ (-qu), -ᠬᠦ (-kü)
  • Khalkha Mongolian: -х (-x)
  • Ordos: /-xu/, /-^kxʉ/
• Kalmyk: -х (-x)
• Buryat: -ха (-xa), -хэ (-xe), -хо (-xo)
  • Khamnigan Mongol: -xu, -ku, -kü
• Daur: -gw
• East Yugur: -ghi, -qi, -gi, -ki
• Monguor:
  • Mangghuer: -ku
  • Mongghul: -gu
• Bonan: -gu, -ge, -ku, -ke
• Dongxiang: -ku, -wu
• Mogholi: -ku

References

• Poppe, Nicholas (1955) Introduction to Mongolian comparative studies, Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, page 269
• Sanžejev, G. D. (1953) Sravnitelʹnaja grammatika mongolʹskovo jazyka. Glagol [Comparative Grammar of Mongolian Language: Verb] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 130