Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/quma

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”).

Noun

*quma

farm

Descendants

Western Indonesian
- Greater North Borneo
  - Proto-Malayic:
    - West Bornean Malayic
      - Ibanic
        ⇒ Iban: umai
    - Malayic
      - Malay: huma
        Indonesian: huma
  - Proto-Chamic:
    - Highlands Chamic
      - Rade: hma
  - Old Sundanese:
    - Sundanese: ᮠᮥᮙ (huma)
- Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬳᬸᬫ (huma)
Proto-Philippine:
- Northern Luzon
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Karao: oma
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Coastal Bikol
      - Bikol Central: uma
    - Bisayan/Visayan
      - Cebuano: uma
      - Central Bisayan
        Peripheral
        Masbatenyo: uma
        
        Warayan
        Waray-Waray: uma
      - West Bisayan
        Aklanon: uma
      - South Bisayan
        Tausug: uma
  - Danaw
    - Maranao: oma
Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Oceanic:
    - Western Oceanic
      - Central Papuan Oceanic
        West Central Papuan
        Hiri Motu: uma

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qumah.