Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qanitu

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔanitu/, /qanitu/

Noun

*qanitu

1. ghost (spirit of the dead)
2. owl

Descendants

• Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Central Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Fordata: nitu
    • Yamdena: nitu
  • Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Proto-Oceanic: *qanitu
      • Central–Eastern Oceanic:
        • Central Oceanic:
          • East Fijian-Polynesian:
            • Fijian: nitu, vatunitu
            • Proto-Polynesian: *qaitu
              • Nuclear Polynesian:
                • Eastern Polynesian:
                  • Marquesic:
                    • North Marquesan: aitu
                    • South Marquesan: aitu
                  • Tahitic:
                    • Maori: aitu
                    • Rarotongan: aitu
                    • Tahitian: aitu
                • Western Polynesian:
                  • Ellicean–Outlier:
                    • Nukuoro: eidu, itu
                    • Takuu: aitu
                    • Tuvaluan: aitu
                  • Futunic:
                    • Pukapukan: aitu
                    • Futuna-Aniwa: fegaitua
                  • Samoic:
                    • Samoan: aitu
                    • Tokelauan: aitu
              • Tongic:
                • Niuafo'ou: aitu
                • Niuean: aitu
                • Tongan: ʻeitumatupuʻa
          • West Fijian-Rotuman:
            • Rotuman: ʻoitu
            • Western Fijian: yanitu
        • Micronesian:
          • Chuukese: énú
          • Pohnpeian: eni
          • Puluwat: yanú
      • Western Oceanic:
        • Gedaged: anut
        • Gitua: anutu
        • Mbula: kon
• Western Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Barito:
    • Ngaju: hantu
  • Kayanic:
    • Bahau: to', to
  • North Bornean:
    • Central Sarawakan:
      • Kajang:
        • Kajaman: tew
        • Sekapan: tew
      • Punan:
        • Bukitan: otuh
        • Punan Bah-Biau: otu
        • Punan Tubu: otu
    • Northeast Sabahan:
      • Ida'an: nitu
  • Proto-Philippine: *qanitu
    • Aklanon: anitos
    • Bikol Central: anito
    • Calamian Tagbanwa: kanitu
    • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: anito
    • Cebuano: anitu
    • Central Bontoc: anitu
    • Dupaningan Agta: anitu
    • Ilocano: anito
    • Isnag: anito
    • Kankanaey: anito
    • Kapampangan: anito
    • Mag-Anchi Ayta: anito
    • Tagalog: anito
    • Yami: anito
  • Celebic:
    • Lindu: anitu
    • Pamona: anitu
    • Uma: anitu
  • Moklenic:
    • Moken: katoy
  • Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
    • Batak:
      • Dairi Batak: hantu
      • Karo Batak: antu, hantu
    • Simeulue: hantu
  • Chamorro: aniti
  • Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    • Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
      • Proto-Chamic: *ʔantɔw
        • Acehnese: euntèë
        • Coastal Chamic:
          • Cham:
            • Eastern Cham: atŏw
        • Highlands Chamic:
          • Jarai: atâo
          • Chru–Northern:
            • Chru: atơu
            • Northern Chamic:
              • Tsat: ʔa²¹ taw³³
      • Proto-Malayic: *hantu
        • Ibanic:
          • Iban: antu
          • Mualang: antu
          • Seberuang: antu
        • Kendayan: antu
        • Malayan:
          • Banjarese: hantu
          • Brunei Malay: hantu
          • Malay: hantu
            • Indonesian: hantu
          • Minangkabau: hantu
          • Pattani Malay: atu
        • Urak Lawoi': ฮาตู (hatu)
    • Sasak: antu
    • Sundanese: hantu
  • Old Javanese: hanitu
  • Proto-South Sulawesi:
    • Buginese: anitu

Further reading

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qaNiCu