Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/dəŋəʀ

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *dəŋəʀ (“to hear, sound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dəŋəʀ/

Verb

*dəŋəʀ

1. to hear; perceive

Descendants

• Proto-Philippine: *dəŋəʀ
  • Ati: karnged
  • Batanic
    • Ivatan: adngey
    • Yami: rengey
  • Northern Luzon
    • Ilocano: dengngeg
    • Kagayan Valley
      • Isnag: dangág
    • Meso-Cordilleran
      • Central Cordilleran
        • Bontoc-Kankanaey
          • Central Bontoc: dengel
          • Kankanaey: dengngen
          • Northern Kankanay: dɨng'ngɨ
        • Ifugao
          • Amganad Ifugao: do'ngol
          • Batad Ifugao: dongól
      • Southern Cordilleran
        • Kayapa Kallahan: dɨngɨl
        • Keley-I Kallahan: dengel
        • Pangasinan: denguel, dengél
    • Northeastern Luzon
      • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: dingeh
  • Central Luzon
    • Sambalic
      • Abenlen Ayta: lenge
  • Greater Central Philippine
    • Central Philippine
      • Tagalog: dingíg
      • Bikol
        • Bikol Central: dangóg
        • Buhi'non Bikol: rëngëɡ
        • Iriga Bicolano: rungóg
      • Mansakan
        • Mansaka: dɨngɨg, dungog
        • Tagakaulu Kalagan: dengeg
      • Visayan
        • Cebu
          • Cebuano: dungóg
        • Central
          • Hiligaynon: dungóg
          • Waray-Waray: dungóg
        • South
          • Butuanon: dungog
          • Surigaonon: dungog
          • Tausug: dungog
        • West
          • Aklanon: dúngog
    • Gorontalo–Mongondow
      • Gorontalo: dungohu
      • Kaidipang: dungogu
      • Ponosakan: dongoh
    • Manobo
      • Binukid: dengeg
      • Western Bukidnon Manobo: dengeg
    • South Mangyan
      • Hanunoo: dungóg
  • Kalamian
    • Calamian Tagbanwa: dɨŋɨl
  • Sangiric: *dingiʀ
    • Bantik: díŋihi'
    • Sangil: dingire'
    • Sangir: dingihe'
• Basap-Greater Barito:
  • Basap: ngendenger
  • Northeast Barito:
    • Paser: kerongoy
    • Tawoyan: keringa
  • Southeast Barito:
    • Dusun Witu: ngaringey
    • Ma'anyan: ñandringey
    • Malagasy: reny
• Kayanic:
  • Rejang Kayan: dengah
• Land Dayak:
  • Benyadu-Bekati':
    • Benyadu': dangah
    • Bekati': dangah, dingah
  • Bidayuh:
    • Bau Bidayuh: dingah
    • Biatah Bidayuh: dingah
    • Sungkung: dingan
• North Borneo:
  • Central Sarawak:
    • Central Melanau: dengah
  • Proto-North Sarawak:
    • Kelabit: dinger
    • Lun Bawang: dinger
  • Northeast Sabah:
    • Bonggi: dongor
    • Ida'an: ingog
  • Southwest Sabah:
    • Greater Dusunic:
      • Central Dusun: rongou
      • Coastal Kadazan: ongou
      • Rungus: rongou
    • Murutic:
      • Burusu: dingog
      • Timugon Murut: dongog
    • Paitanic:
      • Tombonuo: rongou
      • Upper Kinabatangan: rongo
• Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands:
  • Enggano: dohõ
  • Nias: rongo
• Lampungic:
  • Abung: dengey
  • Komering: dongi
  • Lampung Api: dengi
• Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  • Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa:
    • Balinese: ningeh
    • Sasak: dengah
  • Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    • Proto-Chamic:
      • Acehnese: deungo
    • Proto-Malayic: *dəŋər
      • Iban: dinga
      • Malay: dengar
        • Indonesian: dengar
        • Tagalog: dangal
      • Minangkabau: danga
      • Urak Lawoi': เดอเงอ (denge)
  • Sundanese: denge
• Old Javanese: ruṅu
  • Javanese: ꦫꦸꦔꦸ (rungu, “to hear”)
    • → Indonesian: rungu (“hearing”)
  • → Balinese: ᬭᬸᬗᬸ (rungu, “to hear”)
• Proto-South Sulawesi:
  • Bugis-Tamanic:
    • Embaloh: lingar
  • Makassaric:
    • Makasar: lanngere'
  • Northern South Sulawesi:
    • Duri: rangi
• Celebic:
  • Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *roŋoʀ
  • Muna-Buton:
    • Pamona: donge
  • Saluan-Banggai:
    • Balantak: rongor
    • Banggai: dongol
  • Tomini-Totoli:
    • Lauje: longo
    • Tomini: longo
  • Wotu-Wolio:
    • Wolio: rango
• Chamorro: hungok
• Palauan: orrénges
• Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Central Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Aru:
      • Kola: rena
    • Central Maluku:
      • Alune: lene
    • Flores–Lembata:
      • Kedang: denger
      • Lamaholot: denge'
      • Sika: rena
    • Kei–Tanimbar:
      • Fordata: nrenar
      • Yamdena: ndengar
    • Sumba–Flores:
      • Bima: ringa
      • Sumba–Manggarai:
        • Anakalangu: rangu
        • Sabu: renge
    • Timoric:
      • Baikeno: nena
      • Kisar: derne
      • Tetun Dili: rona
      • Waima'a: dene
  • Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
      • Irarutu–Nabi:
        • Irarutu: nongger
      • Ma'ya-Matbat:
        • Ma'ya: ꞌdo¹²n
      • South Halmahera:
        • Buli (Indonesia): longa
        • Gane: longa
        • Gebe: longo
        • Sawai: nlongé
    • Proto-Oceanic: *roŋoʀ
      • Fijian: rogo
      • Proto-Polynesian: *roŋo
        • Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
          • Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
            • Marquesic:
              • Hawaiian: lono (“news”)
              • Mangarevan: rogo
              • North Marquesan: ʻoko
              • South Marquesan: ʻono
            • Rapa Nui: rogo
            • Tahitic:
              • Maori: rongo (“news, fame”)
              • Rakahanga-Manihiki: rongo
              • Rarotongan: rongo
              • Tuamotuan: rogo
          • Western Polynesian:
            • Ellicean–Outlier:
              • Kapingamarangi: longo
              • Nukumanu: rono
              • Pileni: longo
              • Sikaiana: lono
              • Tuvaluan: logo
            • Futunic:
              • Anuta: rongo
              • East Futuna: logo
              • Futuna-Aniwa: rogona
              • Pukapukan: longo
              • Tikopia: rogo
              • West Uvean: longona
            • Samoic:
              • Samoan: logo
              • Tokelauan: logo
        • Tongic:
          • Niuean: ogo
          • Tongan: ogo