Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/twal-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Noun

*twal-

1. eye

Reconstruction notes

The precise Svan descendant is debated. According to Klimov it's Svan თე (te), however according to Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe თე (te) is derived from Proto-Kartvelian *ter- (“white”) and instead they derive Svan შდულ (šdul, “loophole, embrasure”).

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: თუალი (tuali)
    • Georgian: თვალი (tvali), თოლი (toli) — Mtiuleti, Ingilo, Khevi, Fereydan, Tusheti
  • Zan:
    • Laz: თოლი (toli)
    • Mingrelian: თოლი (toli)
• Svan: შდულ (šdul, “loophole, embrasure”), თე (te, “eye”)

References

• Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 113
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 70
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, pages 235–236
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 194–195