Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/čxer-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Root

*čxer- ~ *čxir-

1. to stick in, ram in, clog

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Georgian: გა-ჩხერ-ა (ga-čxer-a), გა-ჩხირ-ა (ga-čxir-a), (spoken Georgian) გა-ჩხირ-ვ-ა (ga-čxir-v-a)
  • Zan:
    • Mingrelian: გო-ჩხირ-უ-ა (go-čxir-u-a)

Derived terms

• Proto-Kartvelian: *čxir- (“stick”)
  • Proto-Georgian-Zan:
    • Old Georgian: ჩხირი (čxiri)
      • Georgian: ჩხირი (čxiri)
        • → Armenian: չխիր (čʻxir)
        • → Bats: ჩხირ (čxir)
        • → Mingrelian: ჩხირი (čxiri)
      • → Zan:
        • Laz: ჩხილი (çxili)
        • Mingrelian: ჩხილი (čxili)
    • Zan:
      • Mingrelian: ჩხინჯი (čxinǯi, “thorn; twig, stick; bent branch used for setting up a trap to catch birds”), ჩხინჭი (čxinč̣i)
        • → Abkhaz: ачхьынч (ačxʲənč, “inclined notched stick for hanging a pot over fire”)
      • → Ossetian: цӕджындз (cæǵynʒ, “pillar, column”), цӕгиндзӕ (cæginʒæ)
      • → Karachay-Balkar: чыгъынджи (çığınci, “pillar, column”), чигинджи (çiginci), жигиндзи (jigindzi), зигинджи (ziginci), чыкъынджи (çıqınci)
  • Svan: ჩხირ (čxir)
• Proto-Kartvelian: *čxr-eḳ- ~ *čxr-iḳ- (“to rummage”)

References

• Abajev, V. I. (1958) “cæǵynʒ | cæginʒæ”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 297–298, derives Ossetian from a hypothetical Mingrelian word cognate to Georgian ჩხირი (čxiri), unaware that the Mingrelian word is indeed attestable
• Gamq̇reliʒe, Tamaz, Mač̣avariani, Givi (1965) Sonanṭta sisṭema da ablauṭi kartvelur enebši [The system of sonants and ablaut in Kartvelian languages]‎^[1] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 312
• Klimov, G. A. (1973) “Dopolnenija k etimologičeskomu slovarju kartvelʹskix jazykov [Additions to the Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages]”, in Etimologija‎^[2] (in Russian), number 1971, Moscow: Nauka, pages 356–367
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*čxer- : *čxir-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 259–260, unaware of Mingrelian გო-ჩხირ-უ-ა (go-čxir-u-a)
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*čxr-eḳ- : *čxr-iḳ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 261, unaware of Svan ლი-ჩხრ-იკ-ი (li-čxr-iḳ-i)
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*ჩხერ-/ჩხირ-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, page 571, unaware of Mingrelian გო-ჩხირ-უ-ა (go-čxir-u-a) and Svan ლი-ჩხრ-იკ-ი (li-čxr-iḳ-i)
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*čxer-/čxir-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 549–550, unaware of Mingrelian გო-ჩხირ-უ-ა (go-čxir-u-a) and Svan ლი-ჩხრ-იკ-ი (li-čxr-iḳ-i)