Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/č̣ed-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Root

*č̣ed-

1. to hammer in, nail, forge

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • ⇒ Old Georgian: ჭედვა (č̣edva), ჭედავს (č̣edavs)
  • Zan:
    • ⇒ Laz: ჭკადუმს (ç̌ǩadums)
    • ⇒ Mingrelian: ჭკადუა (č̣ḳadua), ჭკადუნს (č̣ḳaduns)
• ⇒ Svan: ლიშკა̈̄დი (lišḳǟdi), აშკა̈̄დი (ašḳǟdi), მჷშკა̈̄დი (məšḳǟdi)

Derived terms

• ⇒ Proto-Kartvelian: *m-č̣ed-el- (“smith, blacksmith”)
  • Proto-Georgian-Zan:
    • Old Georgian: მჭედელი (mč̣edeli)
      • Georgian: მჭედელი (mč̣edeli) (see there for further descendants)
    • Zan:
      • Laz: მჭკადუ (mç̌ǩadu)
      • Mingrelian: ჭკადუ (č̣ḳadu)
  • Svan: მჷშკიდ (məšḳid)
• ⇒ Proto-Georgian-Zan: *č̣ed-il- (“forged, wrought”)

References

• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 320, 133
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 682–683
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 666–667