Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/ninka

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Adjective

*ninka

bitter

Descendants

Japanese: 苦い (nigai)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *niga
- Northern Ryukyuan: 리가사 (/ri.ka.sa/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)
  - Kikai: 苦さい (nyāsai)
  - Kunigami: 苦ーせん (jāsen)
  - Northern Amami Ōshima: 苦さり (nigyasari)
  - Okinawan: 苦さん (njasan)
  - Okinoerabu: 苦さん (nigyasan)
  - Southern Amami Ōshima: 苦ーさむっ (nigyāsam)
  - Tokunoshima: 苦ーい (ingyāi)
  - Yoron: 苦さん (ninjasan)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 苦 (ngya)
  - Yaeyama: 苦さん (ngasan)
  - Yonaguni: 苦ん (ndan)

References

Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 837