Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/ninka

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Adjective

*ninka

1. bitter

Descendants

• Japanese: 苦い (nigai)
• Proto-Ryukyuan: *niga
  • Northern Ryukyuan: 리가사 (/ri.ka.sa/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)
    • Kikai: 苦さい (nyāsai)
    • Kunigami: 苦ーせん (zāsen)
    • Northern Amami-Oshima: 苦さり (nigyasari)
    • Okinawan: 苦さん (njasan)
    • Oki-No-Erabu: 苦さん (nigyasan)
    • Southern Amami-Oshima: 苦ーさむっ (nigyāsam)
    • Toku-No-Shima: 苦ーい (ingyāi)
    • Yoron: 苦さん (ninjasan)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 苦 (ngya)
    • Yaeyama: 苦さん (ngasan)
    • Yonaguni: 苦ん (ndan)

References

• Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 837