Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kata

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kata-

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Adjective

*kata

1. hard
2. difficult

Descendants

• Old Japanese: 堅, 硬, 固 (kata, “hard”), 難 (kata, “difficult”)
  • Japanese: 堅い, 硬い, 固い (katai, “hard”), 難い (katai, -gatai, “difficult (to do)”)
• Proto-Ryukyuan: *kata
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 堅さい, 硬さい, 固さい, 難さい (hatasai)
    • Kunigami: 堅ーしぇん, 硬ーしぇん, 固ーしぇん, 難ーしぇん (hatāshen)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima: 堅さり, 硬さり, 固さり, 難さり (xaθasari)
    • Okinawan: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (katasan)
    • Okinoerabu: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (hatasan)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima: 堅さむっ, 硬さむっ, 固さむっ, 難さむっ (katasam)
    • Tokunoshima: 堅ーはい, 硬ーはい, 固ーはい, 難ーはい (katāhai)
    • Yoron: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (hatasan)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 堅, 硬, 固, 難 (kata)
    • Yaeyama: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (katasan)
    • Yonaguni: 堅ん, 硬ん, 固ん, 難ん (katan)