Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/woɣʷeō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wogʷʰéyeti, a causative verb; ultimately, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ- (to promise; to praise). Cognates include Ancient Greek εὔχομαι (eúkhomai), Sanskrit वाघत् (vāghát) and Old Armenian գոգեմ (gogem).

Verb

*woɣʷeō first-singular present indicative

1. to vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity
2. to wish for, desire

Inflection

Inflection of *woɣʷeō (second conjugation causative)
Present	*woɣʷeō
Perfect	—
Aorist	—
Past participle	*woɣʷetos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*woɣʷeō	*woɣʷeōr
2nd sing.	*woɣʷēs	*woɣʷēzo
3rd sing.	*woɣʷēt	*woɣʷētor
1st plur.	*woɣʷēmos	*woɣʷēmor
2nd plur.	*woɣʷētes	*woɣʷēm(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*woɣʷeont	*woɣʷeontor
Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*woɣʷeām	*woɣʷeār
2nd sing.	*woɣʷeās	*woɣʷeāzo
3rd sing.	*woɣʷeād	*woɣʷeātor
1st plur.	*woɣʷeāmos	*woɣʷeāmor
2nd plur.	*woɣʷeātes	*woɣʷeām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*woɣʷeānd	*woɣʷeāntor
Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—
Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—
Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*woɣʷē	*woɣʷēzo
2nd plur.	*woɣʷēte	—
Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*woɣʷētōd
Participles	Present	Past
	*woɣʷēnts	*woɣʷetos
Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*woɣʷetum	*woɣʷēzi

Descendants

• Latino-Faliscan:
  • Latin: voveō
  • Faliscan: vootum (participle perfect)
• Osco-Umbrian:
  • Oscan: vurtum (participle perfect)
  • Umbrian: 𐌅𐌖𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌄𐌔 (vufetes) (participle perfect dat./abl. plural)
  • Venetic: votsom (participle perfect)