Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yáwah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos.

Noun

*yáwah m^[1]^[2]

barley
cereal, grain

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yáwah	*yáwā	*yáwā
vocative	*yáwa	*yáwā	*yáwā
accusative	*yáwam	*yáwā	*yáwānh
instrumental	*yáwā	*yáwaybyaH	*yáwāyš
ablative	*yáwāt	*yáwaybyaH	*yáwaybyah
dative	*yáwāy	*yáwaybyaH	*yáwaybyah
genitive	*yáwahya	*yáwayāh	*yáwānam
locative	*yáway	*yáwayaw	*yáwayšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yauua)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Ossetian: йӕу (jæw)
  - Wakhi: žaw, žow
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: ιαοι (iaoi), ιαο (iao), ιαοο (iaoo /⁠yaw⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: (/⁠yəwí⁠/)
      Sogdian script: 𐼷𐼴𐼷 (ywy)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫇𐫏 (ywy)
    - Yagnobi: [script needed] (yaw)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Parachi: [script needed] (žō)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Munji: [script needed] (you)
  - Shughni: ǰav
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: ceh
  
  Central Kurdish: جۆ (co)
- Old Median: *yáwah
  - Kermanic:
    Nayini: یَ (ya)
  - Talysh:
    Northern Talysh: یو (yəv)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *yáwah
  - Middle Persian:
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/)
    - Persian: جو (jow)
    - →? Middle Armenian: ձաւար (jawar)
  - ⇒ Old Persian:
    - → Aramaic: [script needed] (ywdn, “grain-house”)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 49: “Plr. *i̯au̯a-”
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 123: “*i̯áu̯a-”

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 49: “Plr. *i̯au̯a-”

[2] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 123: “*i̯áu̯a-”

[1]

[2]