ձաւար

Middle Armenian

Etymology

The origin is uncertain. Usually connected with the family of Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas (“barley; cereal, grain”), either as a common inheritance from Proto-Indo-European or a borrowing from Iranian.

Noun

ձաւար • (jawar)

1. boiled and crushed wheat, barley or spelt
   • 13th century, Girkʻ Vastakocʻ [Geoponica] 305:

     եւ զգարին ձաւար արա, եւ կարագով մնշեա, եւ լօշ ա՛ծ ի ներք, եւ տուր

     ew zgarin jawar ara, ew karagov mnšea, ew lōš ác i nerkʻ, ew tur

   • 13th century, Girkʻ Vastakocʻ [Geoponica] 305:

     եւ այլ, յետ վեց աւուր ձաւար գարի տուր

     ew ayl, yet vecʻ awur jawar gari tur

Derived terms

• գարեձաւար (garejawar)

Descendants

• Armenian: ձավար (javar)
  • Kurdish:

    → Northern Kurdish: savar

    → Central Kurdish: ساوار (sawar), ساوەر (sawer)

  • → Turkish: zavar, zaval, zavır, zevar, zavara
    • → Armenian: զավառ (zavaṙ) (Sivas)
  • → Zazaki: savar

Further reading

More information

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ձաւար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 147–148
• Асатрян, Г. (1987) “Язык заза и армянский (Предварительные заметки) [Zaza and Armenian (Preliminary Notes)]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎^[1] (in Russian), number 1, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 166
• Asatrian, Garnik (2001) “Die Ethnogenese der Kurden und frühe kurdisch-armenische Kontakte”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 60
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ձաւար”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 93–94
• Džaukjan, G. B. (1967) Очерки по истории дописьменного периода армянского языка [An Outline of the History of the Pre-Literary Period of the Armenian Language]‎^[3] (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 264
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ձաւար”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 474b
• Lagarde (Boetticher), Paul de (1850) “Vergleichung der armenischen Consonanten mit denen des Sanskrit”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[4] (in German), volume 4, page 357
• Lagarde (Boetticher), Paul de (1851) Arica (in Latin), Halle: J.F. Lippert, § 310, page 79
• Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “ձաւար”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 444
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 393
• Müller, Friedrich (1861) “Beiträge zur Lautlehre der armenischen Sprache”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 38, page 579
• Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “ձաւար”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎^[5], edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 450
• Palatecʻi, Gēorg Dpir (1877) “ձաւար”, in “Baṙkʻ Vastakocʻ grocʻ [A vocabulary to Geoponica]”, in Ġewond Ališan, editor, Girkʻ vastakocʻ [Geoponica] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 252
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ձաւար”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy