Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwaytáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

Adjective

*cwaytáh

1. white
2. bright

Derived terms

• *cwaytakah
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (spydy̆k)
  • Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾsp(ʾ)ytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾyty), [script needed] (spyṯy /⁠^ɨspḗt(ē̆)⁠/)
  • Yagnobi: [script needed] (sⁱpḗta)
  • → Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spytk' /⁠spēdag⁠/)
    • Classical Persian: سپیده (sapēda), سفیده (safêda)

      Iranian Persian: سپیده (sepide), سفیده (sefide)

  • → Old Armenian: սպիտակ (spitak)
  • → Old Georgian: სპეტაკი (sṗeṭaḳi)
  • → Arabic: سِبِيدَاج (sibīdāj), إِسْبِيدَاج (ʔisbīdāj), أَسْبِيدَاج (ʔasbīdāj), إِسْبِدَاج (ʔisbidāj), إِسْفِيدَاج (ʔisfīdāj), إِسْفِيذَاج (ʔisfīḏāj), سِبِيذَاج (sibīḏāj), أَسْفِيدَاج (ʔasfīdāj), أَسْفِيذَاج (ʔasfīḏāj)
  • → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפִּדַכָא / אִסְפִּידַכָא (ʾəspīḏaḵā)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܕܟܐ / ܐܣܦܝܕܟܐ (ʾəspīḏaḵā), ܣܦܕܟܐ / ܣܦܝܕܟܐ (spīḏaḵā), ܣܦܝܕܓܐ (spīḏaġā)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (śśīta), [script needed] (śśīya)
  • Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾyt)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (safed)
  • Pashto: سپين (spin)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    • Munji: [script needed] (spī)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      • Shughni: сафед (safēd)
      • Yazghulami: сәпид (səpid)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: spî, sipî

    Central Kurdish: سپی (spî)

    Southern Kurdish: سپید (spîd)

    Laki: ئسپێ (spê)

  • Medo-Parthian:
    • Middle Median: *spēt
      • Proto-Tatic:
        • Alviri-Vidari: ایسبی (isbi), ایسپی (ispi)
        • Harzani: اسبی (esbī)
      • → Old Armenian: սպետ (spet), սպիտ (spit)
        • → Old Georgian: სპეტი (sṗeṭi)
    • Parthian: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅 (ʿspyd /⁠ispēd⁠/)
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠spēd, ispēd⁠/)

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spyt')

        Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅 (ʿspyd)

        • Bakhtiari: اسپید (espēð)
        • Classical Persian: سپید (sapēd), اسپید (espêd), سفید (safêd), اسفید (esfêd)

          Hazaragi: سفیت (safít)

          Iranian Persian: سفید (sefid)

          Sistani: سفی (sfê)

          Tajik: сафед (safed)

          • → Hindustani:

            Hindi: सफ़ेद (safed)

            Urdu: سفید

          • → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
            • Punjabi:

              Gurmukhi script: ਸਫ਼ੈਦ (safaid)

              Shahmukhi script: سَفَید (safaid)

    • Zazaki: sipî, spî

References

Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 205