Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wā́kš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“speech, voice”).

Noun

*wā́kš f

1. speech, voice

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wā́kš	*wā́kāw	*wā́kas
vocative	*wák	*wā́kāw	*wā́kas
accusative	*wā́kam	*wā́kāw	*wákas
instrumental	*wákaH	*wákbʰyaH, -bʰyām	*wákbʰiš
ablative	*wákas	*wákbʰyaH, -bʰyām	*wákbʰyaH
dative	*wákay	*wákbʰyaH, -bʰyām	*wákbʰyaH
genitive	*wákas	*wákawš	*wákām
locative	*wáki	*wákawš	*wáksu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wā́k
  • Sanskrit: वाच् (vā́c)
• Proto-Iranian: *wā́xš
  • Avestan: 𐬬𐬁𐬑𐬱 (vāxš)
  • Gurani: ۋاچ (ʋāč)
  • Kurdish:
    • Northern Kurdish: bêj
    • Central Kurdish: ئێژ (êj)
    • Southern Kurdish: ئۊش (üş)
    • Laki: ئۊش (üş)
  • Old Persian: [script needed] (wā́z)
    • Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭠𐭰 (ʿʾc /⁠wāč, wāz⁠/)
      • Persian: آواز (âvâz) (see there for further descendants)
      • Tajik: овоз (ovoz)
  • Zazaki: vaj
  • →? Old Armenian: խաւս (xaws)