Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/garȷ́ʰ-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *galǵʰ-, cognate with Proto-West Germanic *klagu (“complaint, lament”), *klagōn (“to lament, complain”), Proto-Celtic *glagmā (whence Middle Irish glám (“shout, curse”), Scottish Gaelic glaim (“complaint, howling”)),^[1]^[2] perhaps ultimately of substrate origin.^[3]

Root

*garȷ́ʰ-^[4]

to complain, lament

Derived terms

*gárȷ́ʰ-a-ti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gárźʰati
  - Sanskrit: गर्हति (gárhati) (see there for further descendants)
*gárždʰi ~ *gr̥ȷ́ʰ-ánti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Iranian: *gárždi ~ *gr̥jánti
  - Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋𐬌 (gər^əzōi, 1st person sg. present med), 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬉 (gər^əzē)
*gr̥ȷ́ʰ-á-tay
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥źʰátay
  - Sanskrit: गृहते (gṛhate, 3rd person pl.med.)^[2]^[4]
- Proto-Iranian: *gr̥játay
  - Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (gər^əzaⁱte, 3rd person sg.pres. thematic med.)
*garȷ́ʰ-áya-ti
*gr̥ȷ́ʰ-yá-ti
- Proto-Iranian: *gr̥jyati
  - Old Persian: *𐎥𐎼𐎭𐎹 (*g-r-d-y /⁠*grad-ya-⁠/)^[4]^[5]
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (gldystn' /⁠griyistan⁠/)
      - Persian: گریستن (geristan)
*ǰagárȷ́ʰa
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agarźʰa
  - Sanskrit: जगर्ह (jagarha, 3sg.perf.med.)
Unsorted formations:
- Bactrian: γιρζ- (girz-, “to complain”)
- Northern Kurdish: girižīn, girîn
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (g(y)lk' /⁠gilag⁠/, “complaint”)
  - Persian: گلا (gelâ)
    - → Hindustani:
      Hindi: गिला (gilā)
      
      Urdu: گلا (gilā)
    - → Punjabi: ਗਿਲਾ (gilā)
- Parthian: [Term?] (/⁠grzyšn⁠/, “complaint”)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “4. gal-gh-, g(a)lagh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 350-351
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “GARH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 475-476
^ Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “klagi”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 216
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “garh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*garz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “4. gal-gh-, g(a)lagh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 350-351

[EWAia-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “GARH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 475-476

[3] Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “klagi”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 216

[IAIL-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “garh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[5] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*garz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111

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