Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hwárdʰati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain.

Some forms to compare are:

• Per Schindler, a metathesised verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”), making it a doublet of *Hráwdʰati (whence Sanskrit रोध॑ति (ródhati, “to grow”)).
• Per Cheung, perhaps semantically influenced by Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“to increase, grow”), making it a doublet of *Hr̥dʰnáwti and *Hr̥dʰyáti.
• Proto-Balto-Slavic *rádīˀtei (“to give birth”).
• Proto-Slavic *verdъ (“wart, growth”).

Verb

*(H)wárdʰati

1. to grow, increase

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hwárdʰati
  • Sanskrit: वर्ध॑ति (várdhati) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *Hwárdati
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan:

      Old Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (varədaⁱti)

  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi script: wʾlytn (wālīdan, inf), wʾlynyt (wālēnīd, perf.pass)

      Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (wʾrynd, 3pl.ind)

      • Classical Persian: بَالِیدَن وَالِیدَن گْوَالِیدَن (bālīdan wālīdan gwālīdan)
  • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHwárdati (+ *aH-)
    • Ossetian: (“to spare/save money”)

      Iron Ossetian: авӕрдын (aværdyn)

      Digor Ossetian: авӕрдун (aværdun)