Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćasás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction

Sanskrit शश (śaśa) is from an earlier *शस (śasa), with the first sibilant influencing the second. The distant assimilation of Proto-Indo-Aryan *s to *ś in the neighborhood of another *ś in Sanskrit observed in Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćasás > Proto-Indo-Aryan *śasás > Sanskrit शश (śaśá) is also found in *swáćuras > Proto-Indo-Aryan *swáśuras > Sanskrit श्वशुर (śváśura). The second consonant of the Iranian descendants is /h/, pointing to PII *ćasás.

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱesós (“grey; hare”). Compare Latin cānus, Old English hara (English hare), Old Prussian sasnis (“hare”).

Noun

*ćasás m

1. hare

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ćasás	*ćasā́	*ćasā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative	*ćasa	*ćasā́	*ćasā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative	*ćasám	*ćasā́	*ćasā́ns
instrumental	*ćasā́	*ćasáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*ćasā́yš
ablative	*ćasā́t	*ćasáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*ćasáybʰyas
dative	*ćasā́y	*ćasáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*ćasáybʰyas
genitive	*ćasásya	*ćasáyās	*ćasā́na(H)m
locative	*ćasáy	*ćasáyaw	*ćasáyšu

Derived terms

• *ćasakas (diminutive)
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śasakas
    • Sanskrit: शशक (śaśaka)
      • → Hindustani: (learned)
        • Hindi: शशक (śaśak)
        • Urdu: ششک
      • Middle Indo-Aryan:
        • Pali: sasaka
        • Sauraseni Prakrit:
          • Hindi: ससक (sasak) (uncommon)
          • Romani: śośoj
  • Proto-Iranian: *cahakah
    • Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬵𐬏𐬖 (sahūγ)
    • Old Persian: *θahakaʰ
      • Middle Persian: [script needed] (shwk' /⁠sahōg⁠/)
    • Parachi: sahȫk
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (s'k)
    • Yidgha: sīɣ

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śasás
  • Sanskrit: शश (śaśá)
    • Pali: sasa
    • Prakrit:
      • Magadhi Prakrit:
        • Assamese: শহা (xoha)
        • Bengali: শশা (śośa)
      • Helu Prakrit:
        • Sinhalese: සාවා (sāwā), සහාවා (sahāwā), ශශයා (śaśayā), සැසයා (sæsayā), හාවෝ (hāwō)?
      • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲 (sasa)
        • Old Marathi: ससा (sasā)
          • Marathi: ससा (sasā)
        • Konkani: सोंसो (souso)
      • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲 (sasa)
        • Gujarati: સસલું (saslũ)
        • Hindi: सस (sas)
        • Punjabi: ਸਹਾ (sahā), ਸਹਿਆ (sahiā)
        • Romani: śośoj
    • → Tamil: சசம் (cacam)
• Proto-Iranian: *caháh
  • Pashto: سوی (soy)
  • Khotanese: 𑀲𑀳 (saha)
  • Wakhi: sыy
  • Ishkashimi: si
  • Sanglechi: sui

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śaśá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press