Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yéwgos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *yewg- (“to join, to yoke, to tie together”) +‎ *-os (suffix creating action/result nouns from verbs).

Noun

*yéwgos n (oblique stem *yéwges-)

1. team, pair of yoked animals

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*yéwgos
genitive	*yéwgesos
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yéwgos	*yéwgesih₁	*yéwgōs
vocative	*yéwgos	*yéwgesih₁	*yéwgōs
accusative	*yéwgos	*yéwgesih₁	*yéwgōs
genitive	*yéwgesos	*?	*yéwgesoHom
ablative	*yéwgesos	*?	*yéwgesmos, *yéwgesbʰos
dative	*yéwgesey	*?	*yéwgesmos, *yéwgesbʰos
locative	*yéwges, *yéwgesi	*?	*yéwgesu
instrumental	*yéwgesh₁	*?	*yéwgesmis, *yéwgesbʰis

Descendants

• Proto-Germanic: *jeukaz, *jūkaz
  • Old English: gȳċer
  • Old High German: *jūh (in the compound jūhhart)
    • Middle High German: jiuch
  • Gothic: 𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌹 (jukuzi)
• Proto-Hellenic: *dzéugos
  • Ancient Greek: ζεῦγος (zeûgos)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáwgas (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *jougos
  • Latin: iūgera pl
  • (possibly) → Italic: *jougVstos, *jougVstād
    • Latin: iūxtā