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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wóbʰseh₂

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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Usually derived from *webʰ- (“to weave, braid”) in a multi-step process:[1][2][3]

  1. One starts with a neuter *-os action noun *wébʰos, which survives as Ancient Greek ὕφος (húphos, “web”) with analogical zero grade.
  2. This neuter noun would then be the source of an *-ós adjective. Höfler reconstructs this adjective as *ubʰsós (“weaving”) while Lipp gives *wobʰsós (“having a woven nest”). Mallory and Adams skip this step.
  3. This adjective would then form o-grade deadjectival substantives, namely *wóbʰsos (in Indo-Iranian) and *wóbʰseh₂ (elsewhere), which would come to mean "wasp".

The "weaving" of wasps refers to their nest construction.

Olsen follows a similar multi-step process from the same root with the same starting neuter s-stem noun, but she skips the adjectival step and further smoothens the semantic transition by supposing that a neo-root *wesp- ~ *weps (“to wrap”) emerged during this complex process. She also glosses *wóbʰseh₂ as an agentive collective "wrapper".[4]

Noun

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*wóbʰseh₂ f[5][6][7]

  1. wasp

Declension

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Thematic in *-eh₂
singular
nominative *wóbʰseh₂
genitive *wóbʰseh₂s
singular dual plural
nominative *wóbʰseh₂ *wóbʰseh₂h₁(e) *wóbʰseh₂es
vocative *wóbʰseh₂ *wóbʰseh₂h₁(e) *wóbʰseh₂es
accusative *wóbʰsām *wóbʰseh₂h₁(e) *wóbʰseh₂m̥s
genitive *wóbʰseh₂s *? *wóbʰseh₂oHom
ablative *wóbʰseh₂s *? *wóbʰseh₂mos, *wóbʰseh₂bʰos
dative *wóbʰseh₂ey *? *wóbʰseh₂mos, *wóbʰseh₂bʰos
locative *wóbʰseh₂, *wóbʰseh₂i *? *wóbʰseh₂su
instrumental *wóbʰseh₂h₁ *? *wóbʰseh₂mis, *wóbʰseh₂bʰis
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  • *wóbʰs-os (non-feminine variant)[8]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wábžʰas (see there for further descendants)
  • *wóbʰs-ih₂

Descendants

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  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wápsāˀ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Slavic: *osa (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wapsō (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *wospā (metathesized < *wopsā)
    • Latin: vespa (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ^ Höfler, Stefan (2019) Story of O: On a peculiar substantivization type in PIE‎[1], Leiden: 5th Indo-European Research Colloquium
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 636
  3. ^ Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 61
  4. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (2016) “Latin vespillō ‘Undertaker’ – Calvert Watkins in Memoriam”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 44, number 1 & 2, pages 102-103
  5. ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2272: “*u̯opseh₂- or *u̯obʰseh₂-”
  6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*u̯obhsā”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1179: “*u̯ops-”
  7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “vapsva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488: “BSL *wápsāˀ; PIE *(h₁)uobʰ-s-eh₂-; (h₁)uebʰ-s-eh₂-”
  8. ^ Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 166
  9. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *woxs-V-–429
  10. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page uassos of 307-308
  11. ^ Koch, John (2004) “*wosφī-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎[2], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 382
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