Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pnéwmn̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *pnew-

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥

From *pnew- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mn̥ (action or result suffix).

Noun

*pnéwmn̥ n

1. breath

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular	collective
nominative	*pnéwmn̥	*pnéwmō
genitive	*pnuméns	*pn̥wm̥nés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*pnéwmn̥	*pnéwm̥nih₁	—	*pnéwmō
vocative	*pnéwmn̥	*pnéwm̥nih₁	—	*pnéwmō
accusative	*pnéwmn̥	*pnéwm̥nih₁	—	*pnéwmō
genitive	*pnuméns	*?	—	*pn̥wm̥nés
ablative	*pnuméns	*?	—	*pn̥wm̥nés
dative	*pnuméney	*?	—	*pn̥wm̥néy
locative	*pnumén, *pnuméni	*?	—	*pnumén, *pnuméni
instrumental	*pnuménh₁	*?	—	*pn̥wm̥néh₁

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *pnew-ma
  • Albanian: *pnyjma
    • Albanian: frymë
• Proto-Hellenic: *pnéumə
  • Ancient Greek: πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn) (< collective)

See also

• *pléwmō

References

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “838-39”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 838-39
• Watkins, Calvert (1985) “pneu-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt