Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléh₁yōs
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *pleh₁- (“to fill”) + *-yōs (intensive suffix).
Adjective
[edit]Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *pléh₁yōs | *pl̥h₁yésih₂ | |
| genitive | *pl̥h₁isés | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pléh₁yōs | *pléh₁yosh₁(e) | *pléh₁yoses |
| vocative | *pléh₁yos | *pléh₁yosh₁(e) | *pléh₁yoses |
| accusative | *pléh₁yosm̥ | *pléh₁yosh₁(e) | *pléh₁yosm̥s |
| genitive | *pl̥h₁isés | *? | *pl̥h₁isóHom |
| ablative | *pl̥h₁isés | *? | *pl̥h₁ismós, *pl̥h₁isbʰós |
| dative | *pl̥h₁iséy | *? | *pl̥h₁ismós, *pl̥h₁isbʰós |
| locative | *pl̥h₁yés, *pl̥h₁yési | *? | *pl̥h₁isú |
| instrumental | *pl̥h₁iséh₁ | *? | *pl̥h₁ismís, *pl̥h₁isbʰís |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥h₁yésih₂ | *pl̥h₁yésih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥h₁yésih₂es |
| vocative | *pl̥h₁yésih₂ | *pl̥h₁yésih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥h₁yésih₂es |
| accusative | *pl̥h₁yésih₂m̥ | *pl̥h₁yésih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥h₁yésih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂mos, *pl̥h₁isyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂ey | *? | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂mos, *pl̥h₁isyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂, *pl̥h₁isyéh₂i | *? | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂h₁ | *? | *pl̥h₁isyéh₂mis, *pl̥h₁isyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pléh₁yos | *pléh₁yosih₁ | *pléh₁yōs |
| vocative | *pléh₁yos | *pléh₁yosih₁ | *pléh₁yōs |
| accusative | *pléh₁yos | *pléh₁yosih₁ | *pléh₁yōs |
| genitive | *pl̥h₁isés | *? | *pl̥h₁isóHom |
| ablative | *pl̥h₁isés | *? | *pl̥h₁ismós, *pl̥h₁isbʰós |
| dative | *pl̥h₁iséy | *? | *pl̥h₁ismós, *pl̥h₁isbʰós |
| locative | *pl̥h₁yés, *pl̥h₁yési | *? | *pl̥h₁isú |
| instrumental | *pl̥h₁iséh₁ | *? | *pl̥h₁ismís, *pl̥h₁isbʰís |
Derived terms
[edit]- *pl(e)h₁is-ō[5]
- *pl(e)h₁is-t(H)o-s[1][2][4][6]
- Proto-Germanic: *flaistaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pleístos[6]
- Ancient Greek: πλεῖστος (pleîstos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práHištas[7]
- Proto-Iranian: *fráHištah
- Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬀 (fraēšta)
- Proto-Iranian: *fráHištah
- *pl(e)h₁is-(t)m̥mo-s[8]
- Proto-Italic: *pleisəmos
- Latin: plīsima
- Proto-Italic: *pleisəmos
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. pel-, pelo-, plē-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 798: “plḗ-i̯os; plə-is-tó-)”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fick, August (1890–1909) “péla : pḷa”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 82: “plêyos, plêistho-s”
- ^ Vine, Brent (2017–2018) “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Italic, page 765: “*pleh₁-i̯os-”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 van Beek, Lucien (2022) “Chapter 4: reflexes of *r̥ and *l̥ in ‘caland’ formations”, in The Reflexes of Syllabic Liquids in Ancient Greek (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 22)[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flaizan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 143
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “1206”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page πλείων
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Daniels, Peter T. (2017–2018) “Chapter I: General and methodological issues”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The writing systems of Indo-European, page 34: “PIIr. *pr̥H-u-, *praH-i̯ah-, *praH-išta-, and OAv. superlative pourutəma-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “plūs, -ris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 475-476