Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₂ḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*meh₂k-^[1]

Root

*meh₂ḱ-

to raise, increase
long

Reconstruction notes

The LIV notes that the only satem language evidence for the palatal *ḱ comes from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯- (mas-, “great”) and its derivatives. The LIV attributes this word to a dialectal variant of Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰- (maz-) from *méǵh₂s. This would also help explain the short root vowel found throughout the Avestan forms. If Avestan does not belong here, then *meh₂k- could very well be the correct form.^[1]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meh₂ḱ- (8 c, 0 e)

*mh₂ḱ-eh₁-ye-ti
- Proto-Italic: *makēō
  - Latin: maceō
*méh₂ḱ- ~ *m̥h₂ḱ-
- Proto-Celtic: *maketi
  - Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: maguaff
      - Breton: maezhur, magañ
    - Cornish: maga
    - Middle Welsh: magu
  - Goidelic:
    - Old Irish: doformaig
*m(e)h₂ḱ-l-ónt-
- Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒈠𒀝𒆷𒀭𒋫𒀭 (ma-ak-la-an-ta-an, acc.sg.c.)
*méh₂ḱ-os ~ *méh₂ḱ-es-^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *mā́kos
  - Ancient Greek: μῆκος (mêkos)
    Doric Greek: μᾶκος (mâkos)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬵 (masah)
*méh₂ḱ-isto-
- Proto-Hellenic: *mā́kistos
  - Ancient Greek: μήκιστος (mḗkistos)
    Doric Greek: μᾱ́κιστος (mā́kistos)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (masišta)
    - Old Persian: [script needed] (maθišta-)
*mh₂ḱ-rós^[3]^[4]^[5]
*mh₂ḱ-tós^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *maxtos
  - Proto-Brythonic: *maɨθ
    - Middle Welsh: maeth
      - Welsh: maeth
- Proto-Italic: *maktos
  - Latin: mactus (> mactō)
*m̥h₂ḱ-wós^[7]
- Proto-Celtic: *makʷos
Unsorted forms:
- Italic:
  - macēscō, maciēs, macilentus, macor

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*meh₂k-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μῆκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 942
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “macer”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*magra-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 347
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μακρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 895
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mactus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*makʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 253-254

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*meh₂k-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μῆκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 942

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “macer”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357

[4] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*magra-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 347

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μακρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 895

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mactus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*makʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 253-254

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